The transformation induced by development in our environment leads to pollution, impacting both human life and economic output. Coastal regions, particularly vulnerable in the era of global climate change, bear significant ecological importance for habitation. The establishment of the Mongla Export Processing Zone in 1998 in the coastal thana of Mongla, Bangladesh, renowned for its seaport, has resulted in pronounced challenges such as salinity intrusion and diminished agricultural fertility. This study, spanning from 2007 to 2023, scrutinizes the influence of land use and land cover (LULC) on the land surface temperature (LST), urban heat island (UHI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference water index (NDWI) in the Mongla EPZ. Employing a deep learning-based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, predictions for 2027 and 2031 are derived. A noteworthy finding revolves around settlement dynamics, with virtually no settlement before 2011, experiencing a substantial increase (8.27%) thereafter. The NDWI analysis underscores the region's drought-free status before 2011, evolving into exposure to severe (10.12%) and moderate (15.06%) drought conditions with increased industrialization. The vegetation undergoes an inverse transformation. The mean temperature exhibits an ascending trend due to industrialization, soaring from 18.9°C in 2007 to 21.61°C in 2023. The predictive CA-ANN algorithm anticipates a further rise, projecting a substantial portion of the LST escalating to 27 degrees Celsius, covering an estimated 28.33% of the municipal area by 2031. Additionally, areas with LST values 2°C higher than the surroundings are expected to reach 6.5% by 2031. The study underscores the profound impact of industrialization within EPZs on the surrounding environment and ecosystem.