Prediction of loss minima in infra-red optical fibres

Reduction of scattering loss in fluoroindate glass fibers

“…To fluorinate oxide impurities in the batch, NH 4 HF 2 was added to the batch before melting. However, H 2 O in InF 3 ·3H 2 O reacts with InF 3 , resulting in In(OH) 3 and gaseous HF. Hence, for glass batches using InF 3 ·3H 2 O, a higher amount of excess NH 4 HF 2 (6.7 wt% of the batch weight) was used to compensate the loss of fluorine due to the formation and loss of HF, while for glass batches containing anhydrous InF 3 a lower amount of NH 4 HF 2 was used (2.4 wt% of the batch weight) due to higher fluorine content in the raw material.…”

“…Finally, the glass melts were cast into a pre-heated mold. For basic glass characterization (samples A-C in Table 1), small melts of ~30 g were cast into rectangular glass blocks of dimensions of 15×10×30 mm 3 . For preform extrusion, larger glass melts (up to 130 g) were prepared and cast into a cylindrical mold, resulting in glass billets of 30 mm diameter and 20-30mm height.…”

“…Shibata et al estimated the theoretical minimum fluoride fiber loss to be <10 2 dB/km at 2-3 μm, one magnitude lower than that of silica fiber. This estimate was based on losses due to Rayleigh scattering and IR edge absorption which are the dominant intrinsic loss factors in fluoride glasses [3]. However, the losses of fabricated fluoride fibers are higher than the theoretically estimated value.…”

Key enabling technologies for optical communications at 2000 nm

“…Back in the 1980s, before the EDFA's revolution, researchers were investigating novel optical fiber materials, such as ZrF 4 − BaF 2 − LaF 3 − AlF 3 − NaF (ZBLAN), fluoride, and chalcogenite, to reduce the intrinsic loss, moving away from Rayleigh scattering, further into the infrared, and below infrared absorptions [7]. The first, to the best of our knowledge, transmission experiments using semiconductor lasers at 2400 nm dates back to 1987 with 34 Mbit/s single-channel transmission [8].…”

The calculations of thermodynamic and opto-electronics properties of Pb1-xCaxSe semiconducting ternary Alloys

“…In this study band gap IV-VI compounds are promising for wave-length optoelectronic applications in laser diodes and in light emitting diodes. They are considered to be mainly utilized in advanced measurement systems for detecting hydrocarbon pollutants in the air [1] and in a new fiber communication system over super-long distances; which has not yet been developed [2]. In order to use this laser diode, it is required to operate it close to room temperature.…”