Prediction of risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus using Indian diabetes risk score: a cross sectional study in urban field practice area of a medical college, Bagalkot

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is considered as a global emergency where a person dies from diabetes every 6 seconds and diabetes is seen on 1 in 11 adults. Identification of individuals who are at risk is very much necessary to prevent diabetes in India. IDRS could also help to detect people at risk of having prediabetes. The objective of the study were to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the age group of >20 years in urban field practice area of S.N. Medical college, Bagalkot and to identify high risk subjects using Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS).Methods: A cross sectional study was done in urban field practice area of S.N. Medical College among adults >20 years of age with sample size of 207. Systematic random sampling was used to select the subjects. Data was collected using standardised questionnaire which included socio-demographic profile, standard glucometer was used to measure random blood glucose for all participants. IDRS was used to ascertain the risk of developing diabetes. Data was analysed using Pearson’s Chi square test and Fischer exact.Results: The overall prevalence of diabetes was 14.1%. Among 206 subjects, 4.8% were in low risk category. 39.6% and 55.1% were in moderate and high risk category respectively. Total of 11 subjects were newly diagnosed in our study. Among them 10 subjects were in the high risk category and 1 was in the low risk category. Sensitivity of IDRS was 90%, specificity 50%, positive predictive value 43.8% and negative predictive value 96.74%..Conclusions: This study estimates the usefulness of simplified Indian diabetes risk score for identifying high risk diabetic subjects in the community. It can be used routinely in commu­nity-based screening to find out high risk people for diabetes so that proper intervention can be done to reduce the burden of the disease.