Background: Mortality statistics is important for epidemiological purposes to find any unusual rise in deaths for investigation of the causes so as to take public health action at an early stage. Cause of death statistics from hospitals are routinely amalgamated along with mortality statistics from other sources to constitute essential statistics on the health of a population. This study was done to understand the mortality pattern in a tertiary care teaching hospital and to undertake preventive action as much as possible. Methods: A retrospective hospital based study was done with all the medical records of patients who died in Hangal Sri Kumareshwar hospital and medical research centre in the year 2022, attached to S. N. Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka. After IRB, the medical records were analyzed to study the pattern of disease causing deaths which were classified under ICD 10th revision. Age, sex, month of admission, place of residence and underlying cause of death was used for analysis using chi square test and percentages. Results: Out of 501 deaths, 316 (63.07%) were male and 185 (36.93%) were female. Majority of the deaths 152 (30.34%) occurred between the ages of 41 to 60 years. Non communicable diseases contributed to 71.05% of deaths and communicable diseases to 28.95% of deaths. Conclusions: Continuation of the maternal and child health program and effective implementation of the National health programs to overcome non communicable diseases can reduce avoidable premature mortality in the population.

Introduction: Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, with at least 2.8 million people dying each year as a result of consequences of overweight or obesity. The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Overweight and obesity among 20-40 years old residing in an urban area in North Karnataka and to study the risk factors affecting overweight and obesity. Methods: A Cross Sectional Study was done among adults aged 20-40 years in urban field practice area in North Karnataka in 2017-18. The sample size was calculated to be 207. Selection of study subjects was done using systematic random sampling. Data regarding socio-demographic profile and anthropometric measurements were collected and BMI calculated. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 45.9% and obesity was 11.1%. Females had more prevalence of overweight (46.8%) and obesity (13.8%) as compared to males. overweight was more in sedentary workers (50%).There was a high prevalence of obesity among participants with mixed diet(82.6%) and 63.1% of participants eating junk food were overweight and 69.5% were obese. The prevalence of overweight was more among participants with class IV socioeconomic status (45.3%) followed by class III (31.6%). Conclusion: There is a growing prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban areas that calls for an urgent need to prevent the further consequences and decrease the burden.

Introduction: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder and one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular mortality which accounts for 20–50% of all deaths. Although most studies describe hypertension in older adults and the elderly, there is a paucity of data on young adults as they are deemed to be at a lower risk of developing the disease. Objectives: To study the prevalence of hypertension and study the risk factors and strength of association between factors and hypertension among 20–40 years old. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 20–40 years old residing in the urban field practice area to find the prevalence of hypertension and its association with socio-demographic factors. After obtaining informed consent, data were collected with the help of an interview method by systematic random sampling using predesigned and pretested semi-structured questionnaires. Three readings of blood pressure were recorded using a sphygmomanometer, and the average reading was considered. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel, Open Epi software, and SPSS software. Results: Out of 420 subjects, the prevalence of hypertension was found to be 17.9% and pre-hypertension was 52%. Factors significantly associated with hypertension were age, marital status, type of family, family history of hypertension, tobacco chewing, stress, and body mass index (BMI). Conclusion: The present study reveals a high prevalence of hypertension (17.9%) in the 20–40 years old age group, which can lead to increased cardiovascular disease burden in the population.

Background: Diabetes is considered as a global emergency where a person dies from diabetes every 6 seconds and diabetes is seen on 1 in 11 adults. Identification of individuals who are at risk is very much necessary to prevent diabetes in India. IDRS could also help to detect people at risk of having prediabetes. The objective of the study were to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the age group of >20 years in urban field practice area of S.N. Medical college, Bagalkot and to identify high risk subjects using Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS).Methods: A cross sectional study was done in urban field practice area of S.N. Medical College among adults >20 years of age with sample size of 207. Systematic random sampling was used to select the subjects. Data was collected using standardised questionnaire which included socio-demographic profile, standard glucometer was used to measure random blood glucose for all participants. IDRS was used to ascertain the risk of developing diabetes. Data was analysed using Pearson’s Chi square test and Fischer exact.Results: The overall prevalence of diabetes was 14.1%. Among 206 subjects, 4.8% were in low risk category. 39.6% and 55.1% were in moderate and high risk category respectively. Total of 11 subjects were newly diagnosed in our study. Among them 10 subjects were in the high risk category and 1 was in the low risk category. Sensitivity of IDRS was 90%, specificity 50%, positive predictive value 43.8% and negative predictive value 96.74%..Conclusions: This study estimates the usefulness of simplified Indian diabetes risk score for identifying high risk diabetic subjects in the community. It can be used routinely in commu­nity-based screening to find out high risk people for diabetes so that proper intervention can be done to reduce the burden of the disease.

The factors affecting the use of contraceptives and social stigma associated with it has caused significant uncontrolled growth of population, which is the most important problem with developing countries like India. The only effective way of controlling population explosion is through promotion and practice of contraception and family planning. To assess the social factors affecting the use of contraceptives and the stigma associated with it. To assess basic knowledge about contraceptive methods and relationship between knowledge of contraceptives and formal education; Compare knowledge and use of contraceptives in rural and urban populations, different occupational categories and economic statuses; Determine the major source of information about contraceptives in different age groups and to assess reasons for using and not using contraceptives. The research indicated that, still a significant percentage of population do not have proper knowledge, have hesitancy in buying, hesitancy in discussing contraceptive methods. Significant portion of the study group are not using contraceptive methods to prevent STDs or for practicing birth spacing. Low socioeconomic status was associated with not using any form of contraception among women with unintended pregnancies. We have received maximum responses from females (67.0%); from males (33.0%). We have received maximum response from undergraduates (41.2%) and least from people with no formal schooling (4.6%). Educational interventions can help increase knowledge of available contraceptive methods, enabling individuals to make informed decisions and use contraception more effectively. Health education may help overcome the issues related to social stigma on the use of contraceptives and family planning.