Prediction of survival ratios of Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) different life stages after treated with ultraviolet radiation in dates

Abstract

Date palm, is a tree of economic importance which is grown around the world, including Saudi Arabia. Its fruit is nutritious and possesses medicinal benefits. Almond moth, is a serious date fruits pest in the field as well as in the storage and causes severe economic losses. In the given research, ultraviolet radiation type B (UV-B, 315 nm) harmful effects were evaluated against all developmental stages of C. cautella. One and 3-d-old eggs, 12 and 18-d-old larvae, 1-d and 6-d-old pupae, and 1-d-old adults, were exposed to UV-B for different intervals. Eggs were exposed for 0–30 min and 0% hatchability was achieved both for 1-d and 3-d-old eggs after 30 min. The larvae were exposed for 6–24 h, and after 24 h, mortality was 100 and 97% for 12 and 18-d-old larvae, respectively. Similarly, the pupae were exposed for 0–30 h, and 100% mortality was achieved after 30 h for 1-d-old pupae. Furthermore, none of the 6-d-old pupae emerged as an adult after 12 h of exposure. When adults were exposed for 1–4 d, no mortality was observed; however, UV-B reduced fecundity and hatchability in the treated adults. The susceptibility order was as follows: eggs > larvae > pupae > adults. Several uncharacteristic behaviors of C. cautella were noted, such as females depositing eggs openly on food items and containers, mature larvae exiting from food, larvae starting to wander for pupation, and pupation occurring typically outside the food. The application of UV-B could be an effective management strategy because all developmental stages of C. cautella were susceptible to UV-B that might be helpful to protect the dates from C. cautella infestation.

Effect of ultra violet irradiation on life table of Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

“…In the embryonic development of insect eggs, specialization of different embryonic organs does not occur; thus, exposure to non-penetrating radiations like UVrays, do not damage the surface tissue of the eggs and can be fatal only at the advanced stages of egg development (Hori et al 2014). However, our results contrast with the findings of Alwaneen et al (2019) who observed that the younger eggs of Cadra cautella (Walker) were more sensitive than older ones.…”

“…The present study showed that E. kuehniella eggs were very sensitive to UV-C radiation and there was no hatchability after 16 min of exposure. The harmful effects of UV on fertile eggs of other insect species have been observed and confirmed the sensitivity of eggs to UV light (Alwaneen et al 2019); In contrast, the eggs of, C. maculatous, were not very sensitive to UV and some larvae completed their life cycle even 50 min exposure to UV-C radiation (Heidari et al 2016).…”

Function of Ultraviolet Radiation (UV-B) Light on the Survival of Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and their Body Fitness

“…Hatching % of eggs T. castaneum significantly reduced as time of UV-B light increased in contrast with control group. The results of present study are supporting the resulting of (Sorungbe et al, 2016;Alwaneen et al, 2019) who noticed the eggs of C. cautella are remarkable sensitive on ultraviolet radiations. Faruki et al (2007), Bakr (2013) moreover made known in the minimization in the rate of hatching percentage of eggs, T. castaneum, C. cautella, T. confusum and Tyrophagus putrescentiae mites on UV-C and UV-B light.…”

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“…The eggs of T. castenium, T. confusium [41,44] the mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae [60] and Cadra cautella [40], were sensitive to UV light. In contrast, the eggs sensitivity and duration of different life stages of C. maculatus, were not significantly affected at different exposure times [61].…”

“…UVC-irradiation is generally less harmful to living organisms than the ionizing radiation as they penetrate only the surface layer of cells [38]. A number of investigators have considered the possibility of using UV-irradiation to control, or at least to suppress the development of various species of stored product insects such as Heliothis virescens F. and H. zea (Boddie) [37], Ephestia cautella ) Walker) [39,40], Tribolium castaneum Duval [41,42], Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) [43], T. confusum, T. costaneum, Cadra cautella (Walker) [44][45][46], Trogoderma granarium Everts [47], Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) [48], Mythimna separate [49] and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) [50].…”