Prediction of volatile anaesthetic solubility in blood and priming fluids for extracorporeal circulation

Yu, Rebecca; Zhou, Jianxin; Liu, Jin

doi:10.1093/bja/86.3.338

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Yu and coworkers 30 found that the λ B:G of desflurane, isoflurane and halothane were between 12 and 13% lower in banked blood than in fresh. Comparisons between these results and our data are somewhat difficult because the prior study did not state how long blood was stored or whether results were controlled for hematocrit which would otherwise be decreased from hemodilution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of Haloether Anesthetics in Human and Animal Blood

et al. 2012

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Background Anesthetic blood solubility predicts pharmacokinetics for inhaled agents and is essential for determination of blood anesthetic concentrations from end-tidal gas concentrations using Henry’s Law. Though used to model anesthetic effects in humans, there are limited interspecies solubility comparisons that include modern haloethers. This study aimed to measure hematocrit-adjusted blood:gas anesthetic partition coefficients (λB:G) for desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and methoxyflurane in humans and animals. Methods Whole blood was collected from 20 rats, 8 horses, and 4 each of cats, cattle, humans, dogs, goats, pigs, rabbits, and sheep. Plasma or cell volume was removed to adjust all samples to a packed cell volume of 40%. A single agent calibration gas headspace was added to blood in a glass syringe and was mixed and equilibrated at 37°C for 2 hours. Agent concentrations in the calibration gas and syringe headspace were measured using gas chromatography. Anesthetic solubility in saline, citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine, and olive oil were similarly measured. Results Except for goats, all animal species had at least one λB:G measurement that differed significantly from humans. For each agent, λB:G positively correlated with serum triglyceride concentrations, but this only explained 25% of interspecies variability. Desflurane was significantly less soluble in blood than sevoflurane in some species (e.g., humans) but not in others (e.g., rabbits). Conclusions Anesthetic partition coefficients differ significantly between humans and most animals for haloether anesthetics. Because of their similar λB:G values, goats may be a better animal model for inhaled anesthetic pharmacokinetics in people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of Haloether Anesthetics in Human and Animal Blood

et al. 2012

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“…Obviously, the blood volume of rabbits is significantly less than that of goats or dogs[21]. Based on “volume fraction partition coefficient” theory, when 1ml of lipid emulsion was administrated to those three animals, the change of rabbit λb/g would be probably the biggest one [23]. But there was no similar report published regarding λ b/g of sevoflurane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a simple method for differential delivery of volatile anaesthetics to the spinal cord of the rabbit

Zhang

2019

Preprint

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20 Emulsified volatile anaesthetics can be easily injected into the circulation and 21 eliminated from blood to lungs. Taking advantage of this unique pharmacokinetics, 22 we aimed to develop a less trauma model for preferential delivery of volatile 23 anaesthetics to the spinal cord with an intact CNS and circulatory system in the rabbit.24 Sixteen New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned to the isoflurane and 25 sevoflurane group. A catheter for delivering emulsified isoflurane (8mg/kg/h) or 26 sevoflurane (12mg/kg/h) to the spinal cord was placed into the descending aorta in all 27 rabbits. The concentration and partial pressure of isoflurane and sevoflurane in the 28 jugular and femoral vein were measured. Our results showed that the partial pressure 29 of isoflurane was 3.91±1.11 mmHg in the jugular vein and 12.61±1.60 mmHg 30 (1.0MAC) in the femoral vein. The partial pressure of sevoflurane was 3.89±1.00 31 mmHg in the jugular vein and 19.92±1.84mmHg (1.0MAC) in the femoral vein.32 There was significant difference regarding the partial pressure of isoflurane and 33 sevoflurane between jugular and femoral veins in two groups (both P<0.001). In 34 conclusion, a simple method has been successfully developed to selectively deliver 35 isoflurane and sevoflurane to the spinal cord in the rabbit. Before acting on the brain, 36 69% isoflurane and 81% sevoflurane were removed from body via lungs. This method 37 can be used to investigate the pharmacological properties of volatile anesthetics. 38 39 3 40 Induction 41 Volatile anaesthetics can induce a variety of reversible, clinically important effects 42 such as amnesia, hypnosis and immobility[1, 2]. To determine if an effect is due to 43 brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves or both, we need a differential anaesthetic 44 delivery model[3, 4]. To solve this problem, previous researches have introduced 45 several selectively anaesthetized models in the goat, dog and rabbit, using 46 cardiopulmonary bypass technology [5-7] But, these models limited by the severe 47 trauma which could destroy the physiological structure of the cerebral and spinal cord 48 circulation of experimental animals. 49Rabbits have a unique spinal cord circulation in that each spinal cord segment is 50 supplied by a single corresponding radicular artery arising from aorta [8, 9].In 51 addition, the blood supply to the thoracolumbar region (below T 3 ) of spinal cord 52 originate from the thoracic and abdominal aorta in the rabbit [10][11][12]. Emulsified 53 volatile anaesthetic is that liquid anaesthetic dissolves in an emulsion and produces 54 anaesthesia as effectively as liquid one [13, 14]. What's important is that, emulsified 55 volatile anaesthetic can be directly injected into the circulation as same as intravenous 56 drugs and eliminated via the lungs [15, 16]. Based on these findings, we aimed to 57 establish a less trauma model for differential delivery of volatile anaesthetics 58 (isoflurane and sevoflurane) to the spinal cord with an intact CNS and circulatory 59 system in t...

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“…; Yu et al. ; Zhou & Liu ). Changes in liquid solubility may potentially cause corresponding changes in anaesthetic concentration readings during cooling and rewarming that must be considered when MAC multiples are used to monitor the depth of anaesthesia.…”

Section: Intraoperative Monitoring Of the Cardiac Patient During Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic hypothermia applicable to cardiac surgery

Otto

2015

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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Prediction of volatile anaesthetic solubility in blood and priming fluids for extracorporeal circulation

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Solubility of Haloether Anesthetics in Human and Animal Blood

Solubility of Haloether Anesthetics in Human and Animal Blood

Development of a simple method for differential delivery of volatile anaesthetics to the spinal cord of the rabbit

Therapeutic hypothermia applicable to cardiac surgery

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