Predictions and observations of convergence in shallow tunnels: case histories in Greece

Kontogianni, V.; Stiros, Stathis C.

doi:10.1016/s0013-7952(01)00094-1

Cited by 49 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The failure generates at the tunnel roof, moves quickly upwards into the overlying deposits, finally attaining the earth surface, where a large sink hole subsides (e.g. Kontogianni & Stiros, 2006, Philipp, 1987. These sink holes are circular funnel-shaped structures, graben-like down-faulted along sub-concentrically bent normal faults.…”

Section: Origin Of the Funnel Structures Within The Vik Member Of Scamentioning

confidence: 99%

Synsedimentary Deformational Structures Caused by Tectonics and Seismic Events – Examples from the Cambrian of Sweden, Permian and Cenozoic of Germany

Scholz¹,

Frieling²,

Aehnelt³

2011

New Frontiers in Tectonic Research - General Problems, Sedimentary Basins and Island Arcs

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Section: Origin Of the Funnel Structures Within The Vik Member Of Scamentioning

confidence: 99%

Synsedimentary Deformational Structures Caused by Tectonics and Seismic Events – Examples from the Cambrian of Sweden, Permian and Cenozoic of Germany

Scholz¹,

Frieling²,

Aehnelt³

2011

New Frontiers in Tectonic Research - General Problems, Sedimentary Basins and Island Arcs

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“…This limits the excavation to rocks of strength permitting a stable opening with no falling roofs, no closing "void", no squeezing rocks, no flow of high amounts of water, etc. (see [5], [6]), but not too hard, so that it can be excavated using the available tools (practically hammer and shovel) without need of explosives. Only local deviations from these conditions were possible; for instance, qanat builders had the possibility either to support certain weak sections or to make deviations to avoid very strong rocks (see [12], [10] and references therein).…”

Section: Criteria For the Selection Of A Tunnel Pathmentioning

confidence: 99%

ORIENTATION AND ALIGNMENT OF THE 5^thCENTURY BC TUNNEL OF EUPALINUS AT SAMOS (GREECE)

Stiros

2009

Survey Review

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In circa 530BC an about 1000m long tunnel was opened in Samos Island, Greece, as part of an aqueduct; this was the first tunnel ever excavated from both portals using strict surveying techniques. Despite detailed studies, there are some questions concerning the techniques used by Eupalinus, the chief engineer. One of these questions is the selection of the specific path for the tunnel, a selection which appears at a first view rather awkward, for it leads to a longer tunnel and a longer aqueduct. Our investigation revealed that Eupalinus' selection was constrained by two factors, one geotechnical and another geodetic. Eupalinus had first to avoid an area of weak rocks making unsafe, if not impossible the excavation, and second, to take advantage of a small valley, the only one existing in rocks suitable for the excavation, and define a baseline of the maximum possible length, necessary for the accurate alignment of the excavation from the two portals. This proves that Eupalinus had an excellent understanding of what we can describe as a practical theory of errors and of measurements.

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“…Therefore, only time-dependent deformation can be measured and the immediate deformation which occurs soon after excavation cannot be studied. However, 80% of total roadway damage and collapse accidents happened near the excavation faces [22][23][24]. Therefore, the monitoring of the whole section of the roadway, includes a deeper layer of surrounding rocks and excavation faces, has been a crucial issue of ensuring safety production in underground coal mines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Technology in Surrounding Rock Deformation Control of TBM-Excavated Coal Mine Roadway

Tang

Cheng

2018

Journal of Sensors

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After roadway excavation, the deformation and failure of roadway surrounding rocks typically results in roadway damage or collapse. Conventional monitoring techniques, such as extensometers, stress meters, and convergence stations, are only capable to detect the stress or strain data with the shallow layers of surrounding rocks, and they require arduous manual works. Moreover, in the abovementioned monitoring techniques, the monitoring instruments are installed behind the excavation face; therefore, the strain and deformation occurring in front of excavation face cannot be detected. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, an innovative monitoring system for surrounding rock deformation control has been developed base on Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry. Compared with conventional monitoring systems, the proposed system provides a reliable, accurate, and real-time monitoring measure for roadway surrounding rock deformation control over wide extension. The optical fiber sensors are installed in boreholes which are situated ahead of the excavation face; therefore, the sensors can be protected well and the surrounding rock deformation behaviors can be studied. The proposed system has been applied within a TBM-excavated roadway in Zhangji coal mine, China. The surrounding rock deformation behaviors have been detected accurately, and the monitoring results provided essential references for surrounding rock deformation control works.

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Predictions and observations of convergence in shallow tunnels: case histories in Greece

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

Synsedimentary Deformational Structures Caused by Tectonics and Seismic Events – Examples from the Cambrian of Sweden, Permian and Cenozoic of Germany

Synsedimentary Deformational Structures Caused by Tectonics and Seismic Events – Examples from the Cambrian of Sweden, Permian and Cenozoic of Germany

ORIENTATION AND ALIGNMENT OF THE 5^thCENTURY BC TUNNEL OF EUPALINUS AT SAMOS (GREECE)

Application of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Technology in Surrounding Rock Deformation Control of TBM-Excavated Coal Mine Roadway

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Predictions and observations of convergence in shallow tunnels: case histories in Greece

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

Synsedimentary Deformational Structures Caused by Tectonics and Seismic Events – Examples from the Cambrian of Sweden, Permian and Cenozoic of Germany

Synsedimentary Deformational Structures Caused by Tectonics and Seismic Events – Examples from the Cambrian of Sweden, Permian and Cenozoic of Germany

ORIENTATION AND ALIGNMENT OF THE 5thCENTURY BC TUNNEL OF EUPALINUS AT SAMOS (GREECE)

Application of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Technology in Surrounding Rock Deformation Control of TBM-Excavated Coal Mine Roadway

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

ORIENTATION AND ALIGNMENT OF THE 5^thCENTURY BC TUNNEL OF EUPALINUS AT SAMOS (GREECE)