In the present work, α decay and proton emission half-lives are studied by the deformed Gamow-like model, which introduces the effects of the nucleus' deformation. The calculations show that it is necessary to consider the deformation in the calculation for nuclei far from the shell. Moreover, this model is used to predict the proton emission half-lives of the nuclei far from the shell more accurately. The calculations indicate that our deformed model follows the Geiger-Nuttall law. Furthermore, the deformed Gamow-like model is used to study the shell structure, and we find that the number of the next neutron shell is likely to be 152. This work may benefit future research on the search for superheavy nuclei and new proton radionuclides.