Predictive modeling of effects under global change

Model-based assessment of ecological adaptations of three forest tree species growing in Italy and impact on carbon and water balance at national scale under current and future climate scenarios

“…The interest in modelling C exchange reflects the growing attraction in using models as vehicles to integrate knowledge, research activities, experimental results, and to test hypotheses (Goudriaan et al 1999), and as the most flexible tools to address how climate change (especially for temperature and soil water availability) will affect the process-based forest functionality (Fosberg 1990, Bossel 1996, Kickert et al 1999). An example of simplification of models applied to the forest systems is the use of the socalled "big leaf" model (Magnani et al 1998, Vitale et al 2007, that describes the response of vegetation as a whole (big leaf) in terms of variations of the main environmental factors (Sellers et al 1992, Amthor et al 1994.…”

Anurans in a Subarctic Tundra Landscape Near Cape Churchill, Manitoba

“…Factors implicated in the decline of North American amphibians inhabiting temperate regions include habitat fragmentation and loss (Johnson 1992), pollution (Bishop 1992), and global climate change (Herman and Scott 1992;Ovaska 1997;Pounds 2001). Changes in global temperatures and increased intensity of UV-B radiation predicted in climate change models (Kickert et al 1999) could influence the distribution and abundance of anurans throughout North America (Mandronich 1993;Ovaska 1997;Pounds 2001). Arctic and subarctic regions of North America are predicted to experience dramatic changes in climate (Madronich 1993).…”

Coupled Terrestrial Carbon and Water Dynamics in Terrestrial Ecosystems: Contributions of Remote Sensing

“…The second generation SVATS firstly modeled plant physiology in an explicit manner in GCMs (General Circulation Model or Global Climate Model) (Henderson et al, 1993). For most second-generation SVATS, land cover was fixed, with seasonally-varying prescriptions of parameters such as reflectance, leaf area index or rooting depth Kickert et al, 1999;Kley et al, 1999;Schwalm et al, 2001). Some SVATS incorporated satellite data to characterize more realistically the seasonal dynamics in vegetation function (Kickert et al, 1999;Bonan et al, 1994).…”

“…For most second-generation SVATS, land cover was fixed, with seasonally-varying prescriptions of parameters such as reflectance, leaf area index or rooting depth Kickert et al, 1999;Kley et al, 1999;Schwalm et al, 2001). Some SVATS incorporated satellite data to characterize more realistically the seasonal dynamics in vegetation function (Kickert et al, 1999;Bonan et al, 1994). The latest (third generation) SVATS used more recent theories relating photosynthesis and plant water relations to provide a consistent description of energy exchange, ET, and C exchange by plants Sellers et al, 1996).…”