Predictors of Expressed Emotion in First Episode Psychosis

Expressed emotion and associated factors among care givers of schizophrenia patient attending mental health service in Dilla University Refferal Hospital, Dilla, Southern Ethiopia, 2022

“…In addition to the above factors being signi cant determinants of EE, this study also reported care givers who had moderate to severe overload were 2.0 times more likely to have high expressed emotion than those who had no overload. A study conducted in Brazil also shown that the risk of high EE level increased with higher the ZBI score (OR = 1.16) (2).…”

“…However, the family environment can also have a detrimental impact on how the illness develops. (2) Although there are a number of schizophrenic patients in Ethiopia and visiting DURH, studies done on expressed emotion in our country are very limited and yet not done in this study area until the completion of this study. In addition to this, based on my advisor suggestion I become interested to assess the prevalence of expressed emotion and its associated factors among caregivers of schizophrenic patient attending mental health service in DURH.…”

“…Given that hostility (H) and the CC share a lot of similarities, the EE are primarily based on the CC and EOI. (2,3) A severe and persistent mental disorder called schizophrenia is characterized by substantial changes in thought, perception, mood, and social behavior. Schizophrenia frequently makes it di cult for a person to function normally in daily life, their job, and their social life.…”

“…(7) Findings from previous studies have shown that severity of illness, patient's age, higher number of previous episodes in the patient and sex, degree of kinship, daily time spent together, caregiving burden, duration of giving care in the caregivers are some of the factors that contributed to high level of expressed emotion in caregivers of schizophrenic patients. (1,2,5,6,8) Caregivers' attitude plays a vital role in high expressed emotion. Existing literature demonstrates that, caregivers have inadequate knowledge on schizophrenia and its various treatment aspects.…”

Differential predictors of expressed emotion toward individuals with schizophrenia between families and halfway houses

“…High criticism in families was associated in earlier studies with parents’ reduced self-blame ( 39 ) and causal attributions of disease to personal, internal, and controllable factors ( 40 , 41 ), overall caregiver burden and distress ( 39 , 42 – 44 ), and patients’ male gender ( 45 ), both higher ( 46 ) and lower ( 42 ) patients’ age, unemployment ( 47 ), longer duration of untreated psychosis ( 43 ), more previous hospitalizations ( 47 ) or psychotic episodes ( 48 ), better cognitive functioning ( 47 ), higher PC ( 44 , 49 , 50 ), patients’ disturbed/aggressive behavior ( 51 , 52 ), and higher depression/anxiety ( 47 ), but no other aspects of psychopathology (positive, negative symptoms) ( 39 , 43 , 53 ). We found that high criticism in families was significantly predicted by parents’ burden from their offspring’s aggressive behavior, corroborating previous findings, but also by outpatients ever being married, higher education, and history of suicide attempts (all three not previously reported).…”