Predictors of Gender-Typed Toy Purchases by Prospective Parents and Mothers: The Roles of Childhood Experiences and Gender Attitudes

Weisgram, Erica S.; Bruun, Samuel T.

doi:10.1007/s11199-018-0928-2

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Başka bir çalışmada da ebeveynlerin kız çocukları için bebekleri tercih ederken erkek çocukları için araba, maket, hayvan figürü gibi oyuncakları tercih ettiği belirtilmiştir (15) . Yapılan farklı çalışma sonuçlarına göre, cinsiyetin oyuncak tercihini etkilediği, eğitici oyuncaklar, ahşap-plastik legolar, kitaplar, kuklalar, müzik ve ritm aletleri gibi oyuncakların her iki cinsiyette de tercih edildiği, mutfak eşyaları ve bebeklerin daha çok kızlar tarafından, arabalar, plastik hayvan ve asker maketleri gibi oyuncakların da daha çok erkekler tarafından tercih edildiği belirlenmiştir (16)(17)(18) . Shojaee ve ark.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Assessment of the Relationship between Toy Preferences of Preschool Children and Their Play Behaviors and Social Emotional States

Sezici¹,

Yiğit²

2019

JAREN

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ÖZAmaç: Araştırma, okul öncesi çocukların oyuncak tercihleri, oyun davranışları ve sosyal duygusal uyumu arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu araştırma analitik ve kesitsel tiptedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini belirlenen tarihlerde anaokuluna devam eden 155 çocuk ve annesi oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri "Çocuk Bilgi Formu", Oyuncak Tercih Formu", "Okul Öncesi Oyun Davranışı Ölçeği" ve "Marmara Sosyal Duygusal Uyum Ölçeği" ile elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan çocukların 74'ü kız, 81'i erkek, %48,4'ü beş yaşında ve %51,6'sı altı yaşındadır. Araştırmaya katılan erkek çocukları maket uçakları, gemileri, evleri (%62,9) ve oyuncak savaş aletlerini (%77,8), kız çocuklarından çok daha fazla tercih ettikleri belirlenmiştir (%25,7, %6,8). Erkek çocuklarının itiş kakış oyun ve yalnız pasif oyun davranışları kız çocuklarına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Çocukların sosyal duygusal uyumları ile itiş kakış oyun davranışları arasında negatif yönde orta düzeyde (p=0,001), sosyal oyun davranışları arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde (p=0,001), sessiz oyun davranışları arasında da negatif yönde zayıf düzeyde (p=0,003) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırma sonuçları çocukların oyuncak tercihleri, oyun davranışları ve sosyal duygusal uyumları arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğunu göstermektedir.Anahtar kelimeler: Oyun, oyuncak seçimi, oyun davranışı, sosyal uyum ABSTRACT Objective: The research has been planned with the purpose of assessing the relationship among toy preferences of pre-school children and their play behaviors and socioemotional adaptation. Methods: This is an analytical and sectional type of research. Samples of the research consisted of 155 nursery school children and their mothers between the predetermined dates. The research data have been obtained through "Child Information Form", "Toy Preference Form", "Pre-school Play Behavior Scale" and "Marmara Social Emotional Adaptation Scale". Results: Seventy-four girls, and 81 boys participated in the research. Study population consisted of 5 (48.4%), and 6-yearold (51.6%) children. It has been determined that boys participating in the research preferred model planes, ships, houses (62.9%) and toy warfare tools (77.8%) much more frequently than girls (%25.7, and %6.8, respectively). It has been determined that boys displayed hustle and bustle play and lonely passive play behaviors significantly more frequently than girls (p<0.05). A negative, medium level of statistically significant relationship between socioemotional adaptations and hustle and bustle play behaviors of children (p=0.001), a positive, medium level statistically significant relationship between their social play behaviors and socioemotional adaptations (p=0.001), a negative, weak statistically significant relationship between their quiet play behaviors and socioemotional adaptations (p=0.003) have been determined. Conclusion: Results of the research indicate a significan...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Assessment of the Relationship between Toy Preferences of Preschool Children and Their Play Behaviors and Social Emotional States

Sezici¹,

Yiğit²

2019

JAREN

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“…Parental socialization of gender in children refers to the ways in which parents influence children's gender development and shape their understanding of societal gender norms and expectations (Endendijk et al, 2018). Parents' endorsement of gender stereotypes has been associated with the way parents communicate about gender with their children (Endendijk et al, 2014), toys purchases (Weisgram & Bruun, 2018), choosing traditional surnames for their children (Johnson & Scheuble, 2002), and differential use of physical discipline with sons and daughters (Endendijk et al, 2017). Though these gender socialization practices are typically studied after children are born (Endendijk et al, 2018), there are indications that this process commences even before birth.…”

Section: Early Parental Gender Socializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welcome to a Pink and Blue World! An Analysis of Gender-Typed Content in Birth Announcement Cards From 1940–2019 in the Netherlands

Endendijk

2021

Sex Roles

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There is a longstanding tradition in the Netherlands to announce the birth of a child by sending out birth announcement cards to friends and family. These cards provide a glimpse of the ‘zeitgeist’ over the years regarding gender through the way in which the birth of a son or a daughter is announced. The current study examined the gender-typed content of birth announcement cards from 1940 until 2019. To this end, 4669 birth announcement cards were coded based on the following categories: gender of baby, use of color, different types of images, and different types of text. Logistic regression analyses revealed that boy cards were more likely than girl cards to include blue as the dominant color, masculine descriptions of the baby, and parental expressions of pride. Girl cards were more likely than boy cards to include pink as the dominant color and images of flowers. Over time there was a decrease in the inclusion of masculine descriptions on boy cards, as well as the likelihood that fathers were mentioned before mothers. However, the expression of pride on boy cards increased over time. Overall, the amount of gender-typed content in birth announcement cards was minimal. Birth announcement cards which included gender-typed content tended to reflect gender stereotypes and different expressions for boys and girls in subtle ways that continue to reinforce gender stereotypes.

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“…However, these responses do not necessarily guide parental actions and choices for their infants in real-life settings, as shown by infants' actual toy experience in Table 7: Male and female 14-to 16-month-old infants have a clear difference in their experience with cars and trucks (95% vs. 55%). One possibility is that parents were aware of the gendered issue and provided responses that are socially desirable, irrespective of their actual toy choices for their children (which appears to be fairly gender-specific), and thus conforming to the claim that parents contribute to their infants' genderspecific socialization (Boe & Woods, 2018;Roopnarine, 1986;Weinraub et al, 1984;Weisgram & Bruun, 2018), even though they may be unaware of their choices. Note that the current study is unable to tell which of these may be true.…”

Section: Parental Attitude and Familiaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parents rate gender-congruent and gender-neutral toys as more desirable than gender-incongruent toys for their children aged 3-6 years (Kollmayer, Schultes, Schober, Hodosi, & Spiel, 2018). A recent online survey was conducted by Weisgram and Bruun (2018) in which 238 prospective and 96 current parents' preferences on gender-specific toy purchases were measured. Results showed that parents planned to purchase gender-congruent toys for their prospective or own children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting infant toy preferences: Age, gender, experience, motor development, and parental attitude

Liu

Escudero

Quattropani

et al. 2020

Infancy

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In contrast to the anecdotal claim that “male infants like cars and female infants like dolls,” previous studies have reported mixed findings for gender‐related toy preferences in infancy. In Experiment 1, we explored the emergence of gender‐related preferences using face–car pairs (Experiment 1a, n = 51, 6–20 months) or face–stove pairs (Experiment 1b, n = 54, 6–20 months). In Experiment 2 (n = 42, 14–16 months), we explore the effect of toy properties, infants' past toy exposure, activity levels, and parental attitudes on such preferences using a wider range of toys. For both studies, infants demonstrated a general preference for faced stimuli over other objects, except for male infants who showed no preference between dolls and cars at around 15 months. Infants' prior experience participating in motor‐intensive activities, with wheeled toys and parental attitudes appeared to relate to female infants' preferences for dynamic toys. These results indicate a range of factors influence gendered toy preferences and suggest that nurture plays an important role.

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Predictors of Gender-Typed Toy Purchases by Prospective Parents and Mothers: The Roles of Childhood Experiences and Gender Attitudes

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Assessment of the Relationship between Toy Preferences of Preschool Children and Their Play Behaviors and Social Emotional States

Assessment of the Relationship between Toy Preferences of Preschool Children and Their Play Behaviors and Social Emotional States

Welcome to a Pink and Blue World! An Analysis of Gender-Typed Content in Birth Announcement Cards From 1940–2019 in the Netherlands

Factors affecting infant toy preferences: Age, gender, experience, motor development, and parental attitude

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