Predictors of Hypertension among Adult Female Population in Kpone-Katamanso District, Ghana

Abstract

Background. Hypertension is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, which is one of the biggest health challenges today. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the problem and other factors related to hypertension among women who are 25 years and above. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September and November 2017. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and physical measurements adapted from “WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS).” Data were examined using the SPSS program IBM version 20. Descriptive statistics, including proportions, frequencies, and cross-tabulations, were used to summarize the study variables. A binary logistic regression was fitted variable with a p value of < 0.7. The bivariable analyses were entered in the multivariable analysis to control the possible effect of confounders. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with hypertension. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) was computed to show the level of certainty. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The study indicated that the prevalence of hypertension (BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg) was 33.8% (95% CI 27.4-40.2) which increased with age. At the time of the study, women aged 45-64 years [AOR =2.19, (95% CI: 1.11-4.34, p<0.02)] and 65+ years [AOR =5.13, (95% CI: 2.20-11.99), p<0.001] were two to five times as likely as those with age of 25-44 years to be hypertensive. Women who had a higher body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 were two times as likely as those with normal weight to be hypertensive [AOR 2.38, (95% CI; 1.14-4.95, p<0.02)]. Women who did not consume fresh fruit daily were three times as likely as those women who consume fresh fruit daily to be hypertensive [AOR 3.17 (95% CI; 1.05-9.55, p<0.04)]. Conclusion. Increasing age, obesity, and women who did not consume fresh fruits daily were associated with hypertension, indicating opportunities for health education and other prevention measures.

The Analysis of Electrolyte Levels on Hypertensive Patients in Noongan Regional General Hospital, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…This change is thought to be associated with cardiovascular problems that can cause a decrease in cardiac output and leads to an increase in the incidence of hypertension in the elderly. In a previous study conducted in Ghana by Acheampong, K. et al, it was reported that the high prevalence of hypertension among people aged ≥65 years compared to people aged 25 -44 years old, in which this data supports the findings in this study [17].…”

“…In the previous studies aforementioned, reported that females who are not consuming fresh fruit per day are associated with the prevalence of hypertension. Information of fresh fruits intake per day and the risk of hypertension giving an evidence to support the importance of knowledge to know the fresh fruit intake is significantly has positive outcome to prevent hypertension [17]. Nevertheless, physical activity is also has its effect which is possibly thought to have association to this recent study.…”

The Role of Lifestyle Factors in Controlling Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patients in Two Health Facilities in Urban Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Weekly exercise, comprising exercise activity of up to an hour or more, was identified to contribute to blood pressure control among diagnosed patients assessed. This finding is encouraging as evidence continually shows that the frequency of exercise is a significant predictor of hypertension control [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 26 ]. The fact that more than half of patients in this study did not engage in any exercise activity is a reflection of an earlier report of low levels of physical activity among Ghanaian urban adults [ 13 ].…”

“…Of the lifestyle modifications believed to contribute to both the prevention of hypertension and its control, dietary modification has been emphasized in several studies [ 4 , 7 , 13 , 17 ]. Bad dietary habits have contributed to the increased hypertension prevalence in many developing countries including Ghana [ 3 , 14 , 26 ].…”

Impact of Health Education Intervention On Knowledge And Prevalence Of Hypertension Among Market Traders In Southeast Nigeria

“…21,31 Age has been recognized as a nonmodi able risk factor attributing to increased cardiovascular risk such as hypertension, 32,33 an assertion supported by studies among adults in Kenya 34 and occupational groups in India 35,36 Potential reasons for this could be changes in the blood vessels causing arterial stiffness, decreased elasticity and vascular resistance which occurs with increasing age. 37,38 The study found that those that are single are two and half times more likely to have hypertension compared to those that are married. This nding is consistent with previous studies which reported that divorced, separated and never married individuals have higher prevalence of hypertension compared to their married counterpart.…”