Predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children

Li, Menglong; Shu, Wen; Zunong, Jiawulan; Amaerjiang, Nubiya; Xiao, Huidi; Li, Dan; Vermund, Sten H.; Hu, Yanjin

doi:10.1038/s41390-021-01754-6

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Hepatic steatosis was assessed using ultrasonography for diagnosing NAFLD in most studies ( n = 15) [ 36 , 55 , 64 , 67 , 68 , 70 , 73 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ], while five studies used a biopsy [ 42 , 44 , 65 , 66 , 78 ]. Moreover, two studies used both [ 69 , 72 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VAI was evaluated in a total of fourteen studies comparing values in NAFLD patients with control subjects [ 44 , 65 , 67 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. Figure 2 summarizes the obtained meta-analysis results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable heterogeneity was reported with an I 2 = 99% and a p -value < 0.001. Moreover, subgroup analysis was conducted in adults [ 44 , 65 , 67 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 74 , 77 , 78 , 80 , 82 , 83 ] and pediatrics [ 76 , 81 ] separately, with an MD of 1.1227 (95% CI 0.584–1.869) with considerable heterogeneity (I 2 = 98.83% and a p -value < 0.001), and an MD of 0.443 (95% CI -0.052–0.938) with substantial heterogeneity (I 2 = 56.26% and a p -value = 0.131), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also evaluated the VAI in NAFLD patients vs. controls according to the hepatic steatosis diagnosis method as outlined in Figure 3 , including a liver biopsy [ 44 , 65 , 78 , 82 ] in four studies with an MD of 1.100 (95% CI 0.203–1.997) with considerable heterogeneity (I 2 = 93.27% and a p -value < 0.001), and ultrasonography in adult and pediatric NAFLD patients [ 67 , 68 , 70 , 76 , 77 , 80 , 81 , 83 ] in eight studies with an MD of 1.262 (95% CI 0.383–2.142) with considerable heterogeneity (I 2 = 98.83% and a p -value < 0.001), as well as for adult NAFLD patients [ 67 , 68 , 70 , 77 , 80 , 83 ] in six studies with an MD of 1.501 (95% CI 0.388–2.614) with considerable heterogeneity (I 2 = 99.18% and a p -value < 0.001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No matter what study was removed, the results remained statistically significant, but the heterogeneity remain high too (I 2 above 95%). Although there were several outliers (some diminishing the MD—Musso and Li for the adults and children group [ 76 , 78 ]—and two increasing the MD—Zaki and Lin [ 77 , 83 ]), only Zaki was an influential point, in both meta-analyses [ 83 ]. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity after removing it did not diminish greatly (96% or 95%), and the result remained statistically significant, MD = 0.98 (95% CI 0.48–1.49), and preserved the same direction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Visceral Adiposity Index in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis—Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: In order to avoid a liver biopsy in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), several noninvasive biomarkers have been studied lately. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the visceral adiposity index (VAI) in NAFLD and liver fibrosis, in addition to its accuracy in predicting NAFLD and NASH. (2) Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, identifying observational studies assessing the VAI in NAFLD and liver fibrosis. QUADAS-2 was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. The principal summary outcomes were mean difference (MD) and area under the curve (AUC). (3) Results: A total of 24 studies were included in our review. VAI levels were significantly increased in NAFLD (biopsy-proven and ultrasound-diagnosed), simple steatosis vs. controls, and severe steatosis vs. simple steatosis. However, no significant MD was found according to sex, liver fibrosis severity, simple vs. moderate and moderate vs. severe steatosis, pediatric NAFLD, and NASH patients. The VAI predicted NAFLD (AUC 0.767) and NASH (AUC 0.732). (4) Conclusions: The VAI has a predictive value in diagnosing NAFLD and NASH, with significantly increased values in adult NAFLD patients, simple steatosis compared to controls, and severe steatosis compared to simple steatosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Visceral Adiposity Index in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis—Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Combination of the effect of ginger and anti‐inflammatory diet on children with obesity with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized clinical trial

Kamari

Moradinazar

Qasemi

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease in children. Following earlier reports on an increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity, NAFLD is now becoming increasingly common in children. Although no definitive cure exists, early management, early diagnosis, and treatment can reduce its complications. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the combination of ginger and an anti‐inflammatory diet (AID) in children with obesity on fatty liver management. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 160 children with obesity aged 8–11 years, with a mean (SD) weight of 65.01 (9.67) kg, mean (SD) height of 139.87 (7.37) cm, and mean (SD) body mass index of 33.40 (5.59) kg/m2. The study duration was 12 weeks. Children were divided into four groups: ginger (G), AID, ginger plus an AID (GPA), and control. Ginger capsules comprised 1000 mg of ginger, whereas the AID comprised fruits and vegetables, fish, turkey, and chicken (without skin) with lean meat, omega‐3 sources, nuts, legumes, probiotic products, and elimination of inflammatory food. Following the intervention, serum fasting blood sugar and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels were significantly decreased in the AID (p = .006 and .002, respectively), G (p = .04 and <.001, respectively), and GPA (p <.001 in both cases, respectively) groups. Further, in the G and GPA groups, there was a significant decrease in body mass index (p = .04 in both cases, respectively), waist circumference (p = .009 and .003, respectively), waist‐to‐height ratio (p = .02 and .005, respectively), alanine aminotransferase (p = .004 and <.001, respectively), total cholesterol (p = .0002 and .0001, respectively) and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (p < .001 and <.001, respectively). Eventually, serum aspartate aminotransferase was decreased (p < .001) and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (p = .03) was increased significantly in the GPA group. As a main finding of this study, hepatic steatosis significantly decreased in the G and GPA groups. Ginger supplementation can effectively improve NAFLD in children, and its effectiveness was further increased when combined with an AID.

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Isolation and purification of flavonoids from quinoa whole grain and its inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting the expression of CD36 and FASN

La,

Zhang,

Liang

et al. 2024

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUNDNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic metabolic disorder marked by excessive lipid deposition, represents a considerable health burden with no established efficacious treatment strategy. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), valued for its health benefits, is replete with flavonoid bioactives. The aims of this work are to isolate and purify flavonoids from quinoa whole grain that can intervene in NAFLD and to elucidate some of the underlying mechanisms.RESULTSChenopodium quinoa Willd. flavonoids (CQWF) were obtained successfully through an optimized ultrasonic extraction methodology, followed by isolation and purification utilizing macroporous resin D101. The study then explored the therapeutic potential of CQWF and its eluted fractions in models emulating NAFLD conditions: an in vitro fatty liver cell model induced by oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) in the HepG2 and BEL‐7402 cell lines, and an in vivo high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced NAFLD model in C57BL/6N mice. The findings revealed a comprehensive mitigating effect of CQWF30 on NAFLD, manifesting in reduced intracellular lipid accumulation in steatotic hepatocytes and a concerted downregulation of key lipid metabolism genes, CD36 and FASN. Administration of CQWF30 reduced triglyceride (TG) levels in both the cellular model and the livers of HFD‐fed mice. It also reduced serum concentrations of TG, total cholesterol (T‐CHO), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), while increasing high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) in the mice.CONCLUSIONThese results highlighted the promising therapeutic capacity of CQWF, particularly CQWF30. This research advances the exploration and utilization of flavonoids derived from quinoa whole grain, providing innovative dietary intervention strategies for NAFLD. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

The Visceral Adiposity Index in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis—Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Visceral Adiposity Index in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis—Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Combination of the effect of ginger and anti‐inflammatory diet on children with obesity with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized clinical trial

Isolation and purification of flavonoids from quinoa whole grain and its inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting the expression of CD36 and FASN

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