Predictors of Pneumocystosis or Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Asian Patients With AFB Smear-Negative Sputum Pneumonia

Abstract

The PCP score could provide a useful clinical tool to identify PCP among acid-fast bacillus smear-negative pneumonia and start specific therapy.

Scoring systems using chest radiographic features for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults: a systematic review

“…However, neither of the studies derived a score for PTB. The study by LE MINOR et al [41] concluded that the ''numbers were insufficient to develop a score for TB'', while the study by DAVIS et al [40] stated that ''after exhaustive testing, we were unable to identify any combination of factors which reliably predicted bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis''.…”

“…We identified two studies that were designed with the aim of deriving a clinical-radiographic scoring system for PLWH among hospitalised patients found to be sputum smear-negative [40,41]. Both studies satisfied the majority of our inclusion criteria, and found the presence of mediastinal adenopathy and cavities to be significantly associated with PTB in univariate analysis.…”

Prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (2010–2013): The first Croatian report

“…The prevalence of PCP pneumonia in Croatian HIV-infected patients (57.7%) was comparable to that recorded in some developing countries such as Thailand (57%) [16], Malaysia (62.7%) [17] and Vietnam (55%) [18].Some developed countries such as China, reported even higher prevalence of PCP (70.22%) [19].In this study, the prevalence of HIV-infected patients was significantly higher prevalence of PCP compared to other groups. PCP pneumonia occurs primarily among HIV-positive persons who were not receiving antiretroviral therapy or PCP prophylaxis, and many were unaware of their HIV infection at the time of presentation [20].…”

TB/AIDS Coinfection: An Integrated Clinical and Research Response

“…For example, TB was diagnosed in 43% of adults presenting to primary health care clinics with cough for three weeks or longer (chronic cough) in Harare, Zimbabwe [82], and in 48% and 70%, respectively, of patients attending chest clinics with chronic cough in Kenya and Malawi [83][84][85]. Furthermore, TB was the leading cause of pneumonia in immune-suppressed AIDS patients in South-east Asia [86,87].…”

“…Respiratory symptoms and cough are, however, among the most common manifestations of HIV infection, with a wide spectrum of differential diagnoses including nontuberculous bacterial pneumonias and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), bronchiectasis (often post-tuberculous) and, in Africa, Kaposis sarcoma [86,87,89,90]. In many parts of the world, HIV-positive people are also more likely to be smokers than are uninfected individuals, thus also putting them at risk of smoking-related diseases [91].…”