Predictors of vulnerability and aggression in severe intimate partner violence

Women Victims of Intimate Partner Violence and Intimate Partner Homicide: A Typology Based on Victimization Variables

“…The interest of scientists has been especially in analysing the risk factors of both aggressors and victims in cases of IPHAW and IPVAW in order to identify the determinants of both phenomena (e.g., Aguilar Ruiz & Calderón, 2021;Esteves-Pereira et al, 2020;González-Álvarez et al, 2022;Hellmuth & McNulty, 2008;Matias et al, 2021;Pinto et al, 2021;Sabri et al, 2021;Sebire, 2017;Spencer & Stith, 2020;Vignola-Lévesque & Léveillée, 2021). However, although it previously seemed to be asserted that IPHAW is the most serious form of IPVAW, some studies conclude that in some cases they appear to be distinct phenomena to some extent, since in some cases of IPHAW no signs of IPVAW have been seen (there did not appear to be prior violence in the relationship), and the risk factors may be different.…”

“…On the one hand, studying the risk factors for male perpetration, both in cases of IPHAW and IPVAW, is crucial to prevent future cases and to design effective reintegration treatments (Crane & Easton, 2017;López-Ossorio et al, 2020;López-Ossorio et al, 2019;Vignola-Lévesque & Léveillée, 2021). Therefore, there are already quite a few studies that have delved into the topic (e.g., Aguilar Ruiz & Calderón, 2021;González-Álvarez et al, 2022;Sebire, 2017;Spencer & Stith, 2020;Vignola-Lévesque & Léveillée, 2021) and some authors conclude that perpetrators do not appear to constitute a homogeneous group (López-Ossorio et al, 2018;Vignola-Lévesque & Léveillée, 2021).…”

“…For aggression in IPHAW cases, risk factors include access and threats with weapons, prior attempted strangulation, and sexual assault, controlling behaviors, threats to cause harm, abusing the pregnant victim, jealousy, stalking, substance abuse, having a primary school education and a psychopathological history, not having a job, being white and young, having children, being in a stable relationship with the victim, and having prior convictions. For aggression in IPVAW cases, risk factors would be the greater severity of the abuse, previous sexual assault or abuse, degrading treatment, aggression against other family members, threats of death and of harming the victim's children, jealous or controlling behaviors, abuse of previous partners, other criminal records, and drug and/or alcohol abuse (e.g., Aguilar Ruiz & Calderón, 2021;Sebire, 2017;Spencer & Stith, 2020).…”

“…On the other hand, for the same reason as in the case of aggressors, it is also scientifically and psychologically relevant to analyse the profile and risk factors of women victims of IPHAW and IPVAW, which would also facilitate police work by allowing a much more individualized risk prediction that, in turn, would facilitate the protection of reporting victims and the avoidance of a possible femicide (Aguilar Ruiz & Calderón, 2021;Esteves-Pereira et al, 2020;Matias et al, 2021;Pinto et al, 2021;Puente-Martínez et al, 2016;Sabri et al, 2021;Sebire, 2017;Spencer & Stith, 2020;Taşkale & Soygüt, 2017).…”

“…Other studies (and systematic reviews of less recent studies) add having children, reciprocal violence toward the partner, depression, male cultures, and lack of democratization of the state, paternal parenting style and fathers with less than high school education, minimizing or justifying abuse, fear for their physical integrity, drug and/or alcohol abuse, and pregnancy or recent postpartum (Aguilar Ruiz & Calderón, 2021;Puente-Martínez et al, 2016;Taşkale & Soygüt, 2017;Yakubovich et al, 2018). Being in a new relationship, the existence of previous complaints, being older and being married seem to decrease the risk (Aguilar Ruiz & Calderón, 2021;Yakubovich et al, 2018).…”