Predominant obligate anaerobes invading the deep layers of root canal dentine

Ando, N.; Hoshino, Eiichi

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.1990.tb00798.x

Cited by 179 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The canals that sampled bacteria in the present study following Ca(OH)2 had high initial counts at S1. Ando and Hashino (34) showed that bacteria invade deep into the dentin. They found that bacteria extended into dentin 2 mm from the dentin/canal border.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Intracanal Bacteria Using GT Rotary Instrumentation, 5.25% NaOCl, EDTA, and Ca(OH)2

McGurkin-Smith

Trope

Caplan

et al. 2005

Journal of Endodontics

158

125

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This study was conducted to determine the bacterial reduction using Profile GT® files and a strict irrigation protocol utilizing 5.25% NaOCl and EDTA. The additive antibacterial effect of Ca(OH) 2 was also evaluated. In addition, the study compared the bacterial reduction with the GT protocol versus larger instrumentation. Thirty-one subjects with apical periodontitis were recruited. Bacterial samples were taken upon access (S1), after instrumentation and a strict irrigation protocol (S2), and following Ͼ1 wk of Ca(OH) 2 (SC). A log 10 transformation of colony forming units was done since sample bacterial counts are not normally distributed. At S1, 93.55% of canals sampled bacteria. At S2, 52.72% of the cases sampled bacteria. At SC, 14% of the cases cultured bacteria. The McNemar test showed a significant reduction (p Ͻ 0.0009) in bacteria between S1 and S2. This was also true between S2 and SC (p Ͻ 0.0019). It was concluded the GT protocol significantly reduced the number of bacteria in the canal but failed to render the canal bacteria free in more than half of the cases Ca(OH) 2 application significantly further reduced bacteria. Lastly, large apical instrumentation removed more bacteria than small apical instrumentation.This study was funded in part by a grant from The Amer- (1-4).Because bacteria are the cause of apical periodontitis, it is logical that the elimination of bacteria would cure apical periodontitis. A tooth without periapical radiolucency has a higher endodontic success rate upon treatment than a tooth with a radiolucency (5-8). Likewise, teeth that are obturated after a negative culture have a better prognosis than those obturated following a positive culture (9 -11). Although there is substantial evidence that a negative culture does not equate to bacteria free (12-14), there is a threshold level of bacteria below that gives a negative sample and a success rate similar to teeth treated without apical periodontitis (11).The current technique for bacterial reduction includes instrumentation, irrigation with NaOCl and an intracanal antimicrobial medication. showed that each step leads to less bacteria and eventually a canal that does not sample bacteria. In a 5 yr follow-up study, root canal samples that gave a negative culture following these steps were recalled to evaluate healing. Ninety-five percent of these cases showed complete radiographic healing or a decrease in the radiolucency size (10).A recent series of studies have been carried out where NiTi instruments were used in place of stainless steel files (19 -21). Similar to the Bystrom and Sunqvist (15) findings, Dalton et al. (19) found that while instrumentation decreased the number of canals that cultured bacteria, instrumentation alone does not predictable result in canals that did not culture bacteria. Shuping at al (20). evaluated the bacterial reduction following the addition of 1.25% NaOCl irrigation and Ca(OH)2 to NiTi instrumentation. Similar to previous studies, Shuping et al. (20) found that instrumentation and i...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Intracanal Bacteria Using GT Rotary Instrumentation, 5.25% NaOCl, EDTA, and Ca(OH)2

McGurkin-Smith

Trope

Caplan

et al. 2005

Journal of Endodontics

158

125

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“…Moreover, the dentin wall of an infected root canal can harbor bacteria or bacterial metabolic by-products (1,2). An intense bacterial penetration to about 300 µm deep into the dentinal tubules has been reported (2,3); penetration depths >500 µm (4) and high prevalence in cases of persistent apical periodontitis (5) have been reported for Enterococcus faecalis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Power of Sodium Hypochlorite Combined with Surfactants and Acetic Acid

et al. 2014

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The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the antibacterial power of 1% NaOCl with 1% acetic acid, 5.25% NaOCl and two commercially available NaOCl modified with surfactants in bovine root dentin. A total of 120 dentin tubes prepared from intact bovine incisors were infected for 21 days with Enterococcus faecalis and randomly divided into six groups as follows: 5.25%NaOCl; Hypoclean; Chlor-Xtra; 1% NaOCl with 1% acetic acid; infected dentin tubes (positive control); and sterile dentin tubes (negative control). At experimental times of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, dentin chips were collected using sequential round burs with increasing diameters in separate test tubes containing 3 mL of freshly prepared BHI. Statistical analysis were performed using parametric methods (one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test, α=0.01). After culturing, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted. All the NaOCl solutions showed small number of CFU over 28 days. ChlorXtra and Hypoclean had the smallest number of CFU at all times with greater antimicrobial efficacy than 5.25% NaOCl and 1% NaOCl solution with 1% acetic acid. Antibacterial Power of Sodium H y p o c h l o r i t e C o m b i n e d w i t h S u r f a c t a n t s a n d Ac e t i c Ac i d

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“…Daha kontrollü, etkili ve hızlı bir iyileşme elde edileceğine inanılmaktadır. LSDT tedavisinde hedef bakterilerin belirlenebilmesi için çürüklü dentin, [15][16][17] pulpa, 18 enfekte kök dentini ve nekrotik pulpa, 11,19 periradiküler lezyonlar ve enfekte sement 20 37 ise, yapmış oldukları bir in vitro çalışmada enfekte dentin, enfekte pulpa ve periapikal lezyonların oluşumunda etkin bakterilere karşı üçlü antibiyotik karışımının antibakteriyel etkinliğini tek tek ve karışım olarak karşılaştırmışlardır. Tek başına hiçbir antibiyotiğin bakterileri tamamen ortadan kaldıramadığını, ancak karışım halinde tüm örneklerin steril olduğunu tespit etmişlerdir.…”

Section: Tedavi Yönteminin Gelişimiunclassified