Preface

Burr, David B.; Allen, Matthew

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416015-6.00024-1

Cited by 17 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Mice also reach sexual maturity and adult body mass size at one and a half months of age (Kilborn et al, 2002); therefore, the mice in this study were reproductively mature and reached adult body mass. The well-documented response of bone tissue to elevated loading environments has made mice and other small mammals important models for understanding general mammalian bone biology, including bone biology relevant to human health (Enlow and Brown, 1958; Kimes et al, 1981; Robling et al, 2006; Elkasrawy and Hamrick, 2010; Byron et al, 2011; Burr and Allen, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotor activity influences muscle architecture and bone growth but not muscle attachment site morphology

Rabey

Green

Taylor

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

142

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The ability to make behavioural inferences from skeletal remains is critical to understanding the lifestyles and activities of past human populations and extinct animals. Muscle attachment site (enthesis) morphology has long been assumed to reflect muscle strength and activity during life, but little experimental evidence exists to directly link activity patterns with muscle development and the morphology of their attachments to the skeleton. We used a mouse model to experimentally test how the level and type of activity influences forelimb muscle architecture of spinodeltoideus, acromiodeltoideus, and superficial pectoralis, bone growth rate and gross morphology of their insertion sites. Over an 11-week period, we collected data on activity levels in one control group and two experimental activity groups (running, climbing) of female wild-type mice. Our results show that both activity type and level increased bone growth rates influenced muscle architecture, including differences in potential muscular excursion (fibre length) and potential force production (physiological cross-sectional area). However, despite significant influences on muscle architecture and bone development, activity had no observable effect on enthesis morphology. These results suggest that the gross morphology of entheses is less reliable than internal bone structure for making inferences about an individual’s past behaviour.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotor activity influences muscle architecture and bone growth but not muscle attachment site morphology

Rabey

Green

Taylor

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

142

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“…The external mechanical load leads to modeling and remodeling of the structure and property of bone [1]. Bone cells exhibit different cell morphology in response to changes of mechanical conditions [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of flow shear stress on morphology of osteoblast-like IDG-SW3 cells

Duan

Ren

et al. 2017

J Bone Miner Metab

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This study constructed an in situ cell culture, real-time observation system based originally on a micro-fluidic channel, and reported the morphological changes of late osteoblast-like IDG-SW3 cells in response to flow shear stress (FSS). The effects of high (1.2 Pa) and low (0.3 Pa) magnitudes of unidirectional FSS and three concentrations of extracellular Type I collagen (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) coating on cell morphology were investigated. IDGSW3 cells were cultured in polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channels. Cell images were recorded real-time under microscope at intervals of 1 min. Cell morphology was characterized by five parameters: cellular area, cell elongation index, cellular alignment, cellular process length, and number of cellular process per cell. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect stress fiber distribution and vinculin expression. The results showed that 1.2 Pa, but not 0.3 Pa of FSS induced a significant morphological change in late osteoblast-like IDG-SW3 cells, which may be caused by the alteration of cellular adhesion with matrix in response to FSS. Moreover, the amount of collagen matrix, alignment of fiber stress and expression of vinculin were closely correlated with the morphological changes of IDG-SW3 cells. This study suggests that osteoblasts are very responsive to the magnitudes of FSS, and extracellular collagen matrix and focal adhesion are directly involved in the morphological changes adaptive to FSS.

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“…Comprising 90% of bone’s organic phase, type I collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body [1]. Both hydroxyapatite and collagen contribute to bone mechanical properties; hydroxyapatite provides compressive strength and stiffness while collagen provides tensile strength and ductility [2–4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Aminopropionitrile-Induced Reduction in Enzymatic Crosslinking Causes In Vitro Changes in Collagen Morphology and Molecular Composition

Canelón

Wallace

2016

PLoS ONE

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Type I collagen morphology can be characterized using fibril D-spacing, a metric which describes the periodicity of repeating bands of gap and overlap regions of collagen molecules arranged into collagen fibrils. This fibrillar structure is stabilized by enzymatic crosslinks initiated by lysyl oxidase (LOX), a step which can be disrupted using β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN). Murine in vivo studies have confirmed effects of BAPN on collagen nanostructure and the objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of these effects in vitro by measuring D-spacing, evaluating the ratio of mature to immature crosslinks, and quantifying gene expression of type I collagen and LOX. Osteoblasts were cultured in complete media, and differentiated using ascorbic acid, in the presence or absence of 0.25mM BAPN-fumarate. The matrix produced was imaged using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and 2D Fast Fourier transforms were performed to extract D-spacing from individual fibrils. The experiment was repeated for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The D-spacing distribution of collagen produced in the presence of BAPN was shifted toward higher D-spacing values, indicating BAPN affects the morphology of collagen produced in vitro, supporting aforementioned in vivo experiments. In contrast, no difference in gene expression was found for any target gene, suggesting LOX inhibition does not upregulate the LOX gene to compensate for the reduction in aldehyde formation, or regulate expression of genes encoding type I collagen. Finally, the mature to immature crosslink ratio decreased with BAPN treatment and was linked to a reduction in peak percent area of mature crosslink hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP). In conclusion, in vitro treatment of osteoblasts with low levels of BAPN did not induce changes in genes encoding LOX or type I collagen, but led to an increase in collagen D-spacing as well as a decrease in mature crosslinks.

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Preface

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Locomotor activity influences muscle architecture and bone growth but not muscle attachment site morphology

Locomotor activity influences muscle architecture and bone growth but not muscle attachment site morphology

Impact of flow shear stress on morphology of osteoblast-like IDG-SW3 cells

β-Aminopropionitrile-Induced Reduction in Enzymatic Crosslinking Causes In Vitro Changes in Collagen Morphology and Molecular Composition

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