Prefacio

Hislop, Helen J.; Avers, Dale; Brown, Marybeth

doi:10.1016/b978-84-9022-505-9.00019-4

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…To characterize the strength of the three upper body regions, scapulae, shoulders and arms, we used a modified Manual Muscle Test [29]. The test was performed as the participant was sitting in the wheelchair.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remapping residual coordination for controlling assistive devices and recovering motor functions

et al. 2015

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The concept of human motor redundancy attracted much attention since the early studies of motor control, as it highlights the ability of the motor system to generate a great variety of movements to achieve any single well-defined goal. The abundance of degrees of freedom in the human body may be a fundamental resource in the learning and remapping problems that are encountered in human–machine interfaces (HMIs) developments. The HMI can act at different levels decoding brain signals or body signals to control an external device. The transformation from neural signals to device commands is the core of research on brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). However, while BMIs bypass completely the final path of the motor system, body-machine interfaces (BoMIs) take advantage of motor skills that are still available to the user and have the potential to enhance these skills through their consistent use. BoMIs empower people with severe motor disabilities with the possibility to control external devices, and they concurrently offer the opportunity to focus on achieving rehabilitative goals. In this study we describe a theoretical paradigm for the use of a BoMI in rehabilitation. The proposed BoMI remaps the user’s residual upper body mobility to the two coordinates of a cursor on a computer screen. This mapping is obtained by principal component analysis (PCA). We hypothesize that the BoMI can be specifically programmed to engage the users in functional exercises aimed at partial recovery of motor skills, while simultaneously controlling the cursor and carrying out functional tasks, e.g. playing games. Specifically, PCA allows us to select not only the subspace that is most comfortable for the user to act upon, but also the degrees of freedom and coordination patterns that the user has more difficulty engaging. In this article, we describe a family of map modifications that can be made to change the motor behavior of the user. Depending on the characteristics of the impairment of each high-level spinal cord injury (SCI) survivor, we can make modifications to restore a higher level of symmetric mobility (left versus right), or to increase the strength and range of motion of the upper body that was spared by the injury. Results showed that this approach restored symmetry between left and right side of the body, with an increase of mobility and strength of all the degrees of freedom in the participants involved in the control of the interface. This is a proof of concept that our BoMI may be used concurrently to control assistive devices and reach specific rehabilitative goals. Engaging the users in functional and entertaining tasks while practicing the interface and changing the map in the proposed ways is a novel approach to rehabilitation treatments facilitated by portable and low-cost technologies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remapping residual coordination for controlling assistive devices and recovering motor functions

et al. 2015

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“…Some of the MMT of the forearm muscles were not confined by EMG2 ) . We plan to study using the MMT for these muscles, such as the flexor carpi radialis muscle and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In order to evaluate patient performance, the range of motion test (ROM-T) is used to assess movement impairment of the joints1 ) , and the manual muscle test (MMT) is used to assess muscle impairment2 ) . Both of these test methods are fundamental skills required of every physical therapist, which they have to master in training schools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in T<sub>2</sub>-weighted MRI of supinator muscle, pronator teres muscle, and extensor indicis muscle with manual muscle testing

et al. 2017

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[Purpose] In order to detect muscle activity with manual muscle testing, T2-weighted magnetic resonance (T2w-MR) images were detected by a 0.2 T compact MRI system. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 3 adult males. Transverse T2-weighted multi-slice spin-echo images of the left forearm were measured by a 39 ms echo-time with a 2,000 ms repetition time, a 9.5 mm slice thickness, 1 accumulation and a total image acquisition time of 4 min 16 s. First, T2w-MR images in the resting condition were measured. Then, manipulative isometric contraction exercise (5 sec duration) to the supinator muscle, the pronator teres muscle or the extensor indicis muscle was performed using Borg’s rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale of 15–17. The T2w-MR images were measured immediately after the exercise. [Results] T2w-MR image intensities increased significantly in the supinator muscle, the pronator teres muscle and the extensor indicis muscle after the exercise. However, the image intensities in the rest of the muscle did not change. [Conclusion] Using T2w-MR images, we could detect muscle activity in a deep muscle, the supinator muscle, and a small muscle, the extensor indicis muscle. These results also support the reliability of the manual muscle testing method.

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“…At the beginning and at the end of the training, we executed a modified Manual Muscle Test [10] to characterize the strength and range of motion of the upper body of the subject. The test was performed while the participant was sitting in his wheelchair.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body machine interfaces for neuromotor rehabilitation: A case study

Pierella

Abdollahi

Farshchiansadegh

et al. 2014

2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

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High-level spinal cord injury (SCI) survivors face every day two related problems: recovering motor skills and regaining functional independence. Body machine interfaces (BoMIs) empower people with sever motor disabilities with the ability to control an external device, but they also offer the opportunity to focus concurrently on achieving rehabilitative goals. In this study we developed a portable, and low-cost BoMI that addresses both problems. The BoMI remaps the user’s residual upper body mobility to the two coordinates of a cursor on a computer monitor. By controlling the cursor, the user can perform functional tasks, such as entering text and playing games. This framework also allows the mapping between the body and the cursor space to be modified, gradually challenging the user to exercise more impaired movements. With this approach, we were able to change the behavior of our SCI subject, who initially used almost exclusively his less impaired degrees of freedom - on the left side - for controlling the BoMI. At the end of the few practice sessions he had restored symmetry between left and right side of the body, with an increase of mobility and strength of all the degrees of freedom involved in the control of the interface. This is the first proof of concept that our BoMI can be used to control assistive devices and reach specific rehabilitative goals simultaneously.

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Prefacio

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Remapping residual coordination for controlling assistive devices and recovering motor functions

Remapping residual coordination for controlling assistive devices and recovering motor functions

Changes in T<sub>2</sub>-weighted MRI of supinator muscle, pronator teres muscle, and extensor indicis muscle with manual muscle testing

Body machine interfaces for neuromotor rehabilitation: A case study

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