Preference and performance responses of California grape phylloxera to different Vitis rootstocks

Abstract

Laboratory experiments on host preference and performance were simultaneously conducted with Cabernet Sauvignon, AXR#1, and 5C Vitis rootstocks for the California biotypes A and B grape phylloxera. Preference bioassays recorded over a 3‐day period indicated that phylloxera exhibit differential host choice. AXR#1 is antixenotic to biotype A, and 5C is antixenotic to both phylloxera biotypes. Preferences observed with biotype B for Cabernet Sauvignon and AXR#1 were not statistically different, whereas biotype A had shown a significant preference for Cabernet Sauvignon. On 5C the preferences scored were significantly lower than on either of the other two rootstocks, and there was no significant difference beetween biotypes. Performance bioassays recorded over a 29‐day period indicated that survival, development, and reproduction of both biotypes were affected by Vitis rootstock. Both biotypes were unable to survive or develop on 5C suggesting the presence of antibiotic resistance in 5C against these phylloxera biotypes. The antibiotic effects observed with AXR#1 against biotype A were expressed as significant reductions in survival, development, and reproduction. Performance of biotype B on AXR#1 was similar to its performance on Cabernet Sauvignon. For both AXR#1 and 5C rootstocks and both phylloxera biotypes A and B the antibiotic mechanism was considerably stronger than the antixenotic mechanism. This research indicated that host preference and performance are positively correlated in grape phylloxera with the rootstocks and phylloxera biotypes tested.

Grape root cell features related to phylloxera resistance and changes of anatomy and endogenous hormones during nodosity and tuberosity formation

“…Polyphenolic materials are harmful compounds to function as quantitative defences, are frequently used as general indicators of the level of plant defence, have been shown to be harmful to certain herbivores (Lincoln et al. 1982) and impair phylloxera growth (Omer et al. 1999).…”

Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliaeFitch) in Argentina: ecological associations to diversity, population structure and reproductive mode

“…Unfortunately, most data regarding the source of plant material are untraceable. It has been widely demonstrated, that phylloxera from different geographical areas and different genotypes have diverse biological performance at different temperature values (Fergusson‐Kolmes and Dennehy , Omer et al , Corrie et al ). If this was the case for Argentinean phylloxera, the genotypes included in the Small Cluster might have adapted to the lower temperature in the cold region, while Large Cluster genotypes could perform better under the environmental conditions that characterise warmer regions.…”

Grapes, Galls, and Geography: The Distribution of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Dna Variation Across Host-Plant Species and Regions in a Specialist Herbivore

“…Linkage of host choice and host-associated mating has been the cornerstone of the sympatric model of speciation developed by Bush and coworkers (Maynard Smith 1966;Diehl and Bush 1989;Johnson et al 1996). Host choice has been demonstrated in grape phylloxera but only at a fine spatial scale (Omer et al 1999) and is not likely to operate at large spatial scales. Frequent stochastic colonization may erode the potential for the linkage of hostchoice/host-associated mating and forestall divergence across broadly distributed host plants.…”