Preferential growth of coherent precipitates at grain boundary

Determination of residual stress gradient in a Ti-stabilized austenitic stainless steel cladding candidate after carburization in liquid sodium at 500 °C and 600 °C

“…In that region, carbides mainly formed in the grain boundaries of austenite ( Figure 1 in supplementary materials ). It was reported in literature that M 23 C 6 carbide precipitating at austenite grain boundaries usually possesses coherent interface and orientation relationship with the austenite grain from which it precipitates [53][54][55][56] . So, the increase of the residual stress in the zone between the center of the sample and 180 µm could be justified by the increase of the amount of M 23 C 6 precipitates in grain boundaries.…”

“…That residual stresses relaxation could be explained by a loss of coherency between the austenite matrix and the M 23 C 6 precipitates which resulted in a drop of the elastic energy and, as a consequence, a decrease of the residual stresses. Wen et al [55] and Ding et al [53] reported that M 23 C 6 starts precipitation at the grain boundary from an austenite grain with which it is in coherence then, grows fast into the interior of an adjacent grain without coherency forming curved incoherent interfaces. The same growth morphology was observed in the studied carburized samples.…”

Research Progress of Alumina-Forming Austenitic Stainless Steels: A Review

“…A result by Geneva Trotter et al [ 68 ] is that there are six variants of the , Kurdjumov–Sachs relationships. However, another result by Hongyuan Wen et al [ 63 ] showed that the B2 precipitated in the coherent grains has a Nishiyama Wasserman (N–W) orientation relationship with the austenite matrix, which is and , as shown in Figure 4 .…”

“…However, in austenitic steels containing Nb, M 23 C 6 is partially transformed into NbC [ 57 ]. In addition, Hongyuan Wen et al found that M 23 C 6 is precipitated during aging, and there is cubic-cubic coherent relation with austenite matrix [ 63 ].…”

Influence of Intermediate Annealing Treatment on the Kinetics of Bainitic Transformation in X37CrMoV5-1 Steel

“…In the second neighbouring grain, the carbide growth occurs incoherently deep into this grain [27,30,40]. Thus, precipitation at AGBs forms a smooth, flat, and coherent interface with one austenite grain and an irregular, wavy, and incoherent interface with the second grain [27,41]. It should be noticed that carbides do not have to nucleate evenly on all available grain boundaries, but their nucleation depends on the structure of individual boundaries and the misorientation between grains [32,37].…”