Experimental
determination of equilibrium solubility of 1-(2-bromophenyl)-pyrrole-2,5-dione
in binary aqueous solutions containing a co-solvent of isopropanol,
ethanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) or methanol
over temperatures from 278.15 to 323.15 K was made by the shake-flask
technique under local pressure of 101.2 kPa. At the identical experimental
conditions (temperature and mass fraction compositions of co-solvents),
the maximum equilibrium solubility magnitude in a mole fraction of
1-(2-bromophenyl)-pyrrole-2,5-dione was recorded in the NMP (1) +
water (2) system; and the minimum one, in the isopropanol (1) + water
(2) system. The solvent effect was quantitatively analyzed by employing
the KAT-LSER model, representing the solubility parameter and dipolarity–polarizability
had main contributions to the solubility variation at 298.15 K. Four
relationships, such as the Jouyban–Acree model, modified Wilson
model, Jouyban–Acree–van’t Hoff model, and mixture
response surface (MRS) model, were employed to correlate the determined
solubility magnitudes, attaining the root-mean-square deviations of
no higher than 493.0 × 10–5 and relative average
deviations of no higher than 5.59%. The molecule interactions of solute–solvent
and solvent–solvent were investigated through the extended
Hildebrand solubility approach. In water-rich composition regions,
there was some association between 1-(2-bromophenyl)-pyrrole-2,5-dione
and solution. Furthermore, the local mole fractions of isopropanol
(ethanol, NMP, or methanol) and water nearby 1-(2-bromophenyl)-pyrrole-2,5-dione
were quantitatively evaluated by the inverse Kirkwood–Buff
integrals. 1-(2-Bromophenyl)-pyrrole-2,5-dione was preferentially
solvated by water in water-rich proportions; while in co-solvent-rich
proportions for the solutions studied, it was preferentially solvated
by isopropanol (ethanol, NMP, or methanol). In water-rich ranges,
1-(2-bromophenyl)-pyrrole-2,5-dione could be predominantly serving
as a Lewis base in front of water molecules.