Preferred crystallographic orientation in the ice I ← II transformation and the flow of ice II

Bennett, K.; Wenk, Hans‐Rudolf; Durham, W. B.; Stern, Laura A.; Kirby, Stephen H.

doi:10.1080/01418619708209983

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The generally high values of n in Table 1 suggest dislocation creep is the dominant mechanism. Bennett et al (1997) observed fabric in ice II consistent with deformation by dislocation motion, with the primary slip system being glide on prism planes in the [0001] direction. Sotin et al (1985) measured a low value n = 1.9 for ice VI using the sapphire anvil cell, although the magnitude of η eff at laboratory stresses were close to those observed by Durham et al (1996), who measured n = 4.5 in a triaxial deformation apparatus.…”

Section: Ice I Plus Particulatesmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Similarly to ice I at planetary temperatures, none of the higher-pressure phases, ice II, III, V, or VI, exhibits signs of tertiary creep (Durham et al 1997). There has been one direct measurement of fabric in high-pressure ice, that of Bennett et al (1997), who found that (rhombohedral) ice II deformed in axial compression developed a girdle signifying slip on prism planes (normal to the basal plane) that was measurable at ε = 0.07 and very strong at ε = 0.57.…”

Section: Preferred Crystallographic Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rheological Properties of Water Ice—Applications to Satellites of the Outer Planets

Durham

Stern

2001

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

187

156

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The icy moons of the outer solar system have not been quiescent bodies, in part because many have a substantial water component and have experienced significant internal heating. We can begin to understand the thermal evolution of the moons and the rate of viscous relaxation of surface topography because we now have good constraints on how ice (in several of its polymorphic forms) flows under deviatoric stress at planetary conditions. Details of laboratory-derived flow laws for pure, polycrystalline ice are reviewed in detail. One of the more important questions at hand is the role of ice grain size. Grain size may be a dynamic quantity within the icy moons, and it may (or may not) significantly affect rheology. One recent beneficiary of revelations about grain-size-sensitive flow is the calculation of the rheological structure of Europa's outer ice shell, which may be no thicker than 20 km.

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Section: Ice I Plus Particulatesmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Preferred Crystallographic Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Properties of Water Ice—Applications to Satellites of the Outer Planets

Durham

Stern

2001

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

187

156

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“…This finding is of interest to the material chemistry community aiming at tailor-making high pressure materials with desired properties such as superhardness. In the case of ices II and III, the two phases show an astonishing difference in terms of their ther-mal and rheological properties, 33,48 where the doubly metastable polymorph ice III flows ϳ10 3 times faster than ice II. We surmise that for other materials, e.g., polymers, even previously unknown phases may grow at high compression rates and/or low temperatures.…”

Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phase transitions incurred upon compression of hexagonal ice were subject of earlier comprehensive studies. [13][14][15][31][32][33][34] In particular, it was noted that ice III can form as doubly metastable polymorph in the stability field of ice II at temperatures down to ϳ232 K ͑Refs. 32 and 35͒ or down to ϳ221 K, 36 i.e., slightly below its region of stability depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexagonal ice transforms at high pressures and compression rates directly into “doubly metastable” ice phases

Bauer

Winkel

Toebbens

et al. 2009

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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We report compression and decompression experiments of hexagonal ice in a piston cylinder setup in the temperature range of 170-220 K up to pressures of 1.6 GPa. The main focus is on establishing the effect that an increase in compression rate up to 4000 MPa/min has on the phase changes incurred at high pressures. While at low compression rates, a phase change to stable ice II takes place (in agreement with earlier comprehensive studies), we find that at higher compression rates, increasing fractions and even pure ice III forms from hexagonal ice. We show that the critical compression rate, above which mainly the metastable ice III polymorph is produced, decreases by a factor of 30 when decreasing the temperature from 220 to 170 K. At the highest rate capable with our equipment, we even find formation of an ice V fraction in the mixture, which is metastable with respect to ice II and also metastable with respect to ice III. This indicates that at increasing compression rates, progressively more metastable phases of ice grow from hexagonal ice. Since ices II, III, and V differ very much in, e.g., strength and rheological properties, we have prepared solids of very different mechanical properties just by variation in compression rate. In addition, these metastable phases have stability regions in the phase diagrams only at much higher pressures and temperatures. Therefore, we anticipate that the method of isothermal compression at low temperatures and high compression rates is a tool for the academic and industrial polymorph search with great potential.

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“…In the past, laboratory investigations of deformation regimes in polycrystalline ice have been restricted to investigations where the ice sample is deformed, removed from the deformation apparatus, and then measured for crystallographic information. [1][2][3][4][5] As a result, only the final texture of a sample can be measured; the stages of texture development during the experiment are lost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ deformation apparatus for time-of-flight neutron diffraction:Texture development of polycrystalline ice Ih

Mcdaniel

Bennett

Durham

et al. 2006

Review of Scientific Instruments

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This article documents a new in situ deformation apparatus built for neutron diffraction investigations of polycrystalline materials in low-temperature environments and the first experiment in which it was used. We performed texture analysis of fine-grained polycrystalline D2O ice Ih deformed uniaxially between 230 and 240K using time-of-flight neutron diffraction on the high-pressure preferred orientation diffractometer at the Manuel Lujan, Jr. Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The new deformation apparatus operates at 1atm of ambient pressure and over temperatures in the range of 77K<T<298K, and accommodates up to 667N of uniaxially applied load. It is suitable for diffraction studies of any bulk polycrystalline material, ideally cylindrical in shape, and is adaptable to multiple neutron spectrometers, including those at other polychromatic and monochromatic neutron facilities. The first experiment on a hexagonal ice sample demonstrates development of fiber texture in the direction of the applied load. The equipment has many applications to earth science, glaciology, and ice engineering.

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Preferred crystallographic orientation in the ice I ← II transformation and the flow of ice II

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Rheological Properties of Water Ice—Applications to Satellites of the Outer Planets

Rheological Properties of Water Ice—Applications to Satellites of the Outer Planets

Hexagonal ice transforms at high pressures and compression rates directly into “doubly metastable” ice phases

In situ deformation apparatus for time-of-flight neutron diffraction:Texture development of polycrystalline ice Ih

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