Prefrontal cortex-mediated executive function as assessed by Stroop task performance associates with weight loss among overweight and obese adolescents and young adults

Xu, Xia; Deng, Zhangyan; Qin, Hui; Zhang, Wei-Xia; Qi, Changzhu; Huang, Jiaai

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.12.040

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In the present study, we found a significant main effect of condition for the mean HbO of the DLPFC: the mean HbO in the incongruent condition was higher than in the congruent condition. These Stroop effect findings are similar to those in previous functional NIRS (fNIRS) studies, which suggested that executive functioning is associated with activation of DLPFC ( Xu et al, 2017 ; Kujach et al, 2018 ). Interestingly, we found different results with previous two fNIRS studies ( Xu et al, 2017 ; Kujach et al, 2018 ): the present Stroop task failed to activated the FPA and the VLPFC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…These Stroop effect findings are similar to those in previous functional NIRS (fNIRS) studies, which suggested that executive functioning is associated with activation of DLPFC ( Xu et al, 2017 ; Kujach et al, 2018 ). Interestingly, we found different results with previous two fNIRS studies ( Xu et al, 2017 ; Kujach et al, 2018 ): the present Stroop task failed to activated the FPA and the VLPFC. But DLPFC activation in the present study is consistent with that of a previous meta-analysis review on Stroop task-related fMRI, in which FPA and VLPFC also could not be significantly activated ( Nee et al, 2007 ; Huang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Cognition and Brain Activation in Response to Various Doses of Caffeine: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

et al. 2020

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Caffeine, which is widely used for enhancing athletic performance, has been suggested to have a positive impact on cognition via stimulating the brain. However, no study published to date has explored the effects of different doses of caffeine ingestion on brain activation via cortical hemodynamics. The purpose of the present crossover, double-blind study was to investigate the effects of low, moderate, and high doses of caffeine ingestion on cognitive performance and brain activation. Ten healthy male subjects ingested placebo or caffeine (3, 6, or 9 mg/kg body mass). The effects of each treatment condition were evaluated by Stroop tasks before and 60 min after the ingestion of caffeine. Reaction time (RT) and accuracy of responses to congruent and incongruent stimuli were assessed. As an index of brain activation with cognition, levels of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) were measured via near-infrared spectroscopy. A 4 × 2 mixed ANOVA revealed that there were significant interaction effects for RT in both incongruent and congruent conditions ( P < 0.01, P η 2 = 0.384; P < 0.05, P η 2 = 0.259; and P < 0.05, P η 2 = 0.309). Both 3 and 6 mg/kg of caffeine ingestion significantly decreased RT to incongruent stimuli. The only dose of caffeine to decrease RT in response to congruent stimuli was 3 mg/kg. None of the doses of caffeine administered affected accuracy of responses to incongruent or congruent stimuli. Under the congruent stimulus condition, ingestion of 3 mg/kg of caffeine significantly increased mean HbO in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal pole area, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ( P < 0.01, P η 2 = 0.319; P < 0.05, P η 2 = 0.263; and P < 0.05, P η 2 = 0.259, respectively). None of the doses of caffeine investigated affected HbO under the incongruent stimulus condition. Ingestion of low-dose caffeine has greater effects on cognition and brain activation than moderate and high doses of caffeine, suggesting that low-dose caffeine may be a selective supplement in enhancing executive function and prefrontal activities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Cognition and Brain Activation in Response to Various Doses of Caffeine: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

et al. 2020

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“…The majority of the reviewed studies used the international EEG system for the placement of the optodes [6,7,8,11,12,13,77,79,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109] and set the source-detector separations at 3.0 cm [6,7,8,12,77,78,79,96,99,100,102,104,106,107,109,110,111]. A detailed overview about the used source-detector separations utilized in the remaining studies is given in Figure 4a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In almost all studies baseline brain activation was assessed in a sitting position [6,7,8,11,12,13,77,78,79,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,115,116,117,118,119,120]. The quantification of baseline brain activation lasted from 2 s [6,7,8,12,77,106,109] to 10 min [97,116,119].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging in Exercise–Cognition Science: A Systematic, Methodology-Focused Review

Herold

Wiegel

Scholkmann

et al. 2018

JCM

324

307

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For cognitive processes to function well, it is essential that the brain is optimally supplied with oxygen and blood. In recent years, evidence has emerged suggesting that cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics can be modified with physical activity. To better understand the relationship between cerebral oxygenation/hemodynamics, physical activity, and cognition, the application of state-of-the art neuroimaging tools is essential. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is such a neuroimaging tool especially suitable to investigate the effects of physical activity/exercises on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics due to its capability to quantify changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb) non-invasively in the human brain. However, currently there is no clear standardized procedure regarding the application, data processing, and data analysis of fNIRS, and there is a large heterogeneity regarding how fNIRS is applied in the field of exercise–cognition science. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current methodological knowledge about fNIRS application in studies measuring the cortical hemodynamic responses during cognitive testing (i) prior and after different physical activities interventions, and (ii) in cross-sectional studies accounting for the physical fitness level of their participants. Based on the review of the methodology of 35 as relevant considered publications, we outline recommendations for future fNIRS studies in the field of exercise–cognition science.

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“…A growing body of literature has examined executive functioning as a prospective predictor of weight loss outcomes, but important gaps in this research remain. Some of this research has been conducted with children and adolescents [13][14][15], who may differ from adults in developmentally important ways. In adults, research has tended to focus on food-specific measurement of inhibitory control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functioning as a Predictor of Weight Loss and Physical Activity Outcomes

Butryn

Martinelli

Remmert

et al. 2019

Annals of Behavioral Medicine

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Background Executive functioning, which is fundamental for carrying out goal-directed behaviors, may be an underappreciated predictor of outcomes in lifestyle modification programs for adults with obesity. Purpose This study tested the hypotheses that higher levels of baseline executive functioning would predict greater weight loss and physical activity after 6 months of behavioral treatment. Methods Participants (N = 320) were recruited from the community and provided with 16 treatment sessions. Executive functioning was measured with the tower task component of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). At months 0 and 6, weight was measured in the clinic and physical activity was measured with tri-axial accelerometers. Results Baseline D-KEFS achievement score, rule violations, and completion time significantly predicted weight loss at 6 months. For example, among participants without any rule violations (n = 162), weight loss averaged 11.0%, while those with rule violations (n = 158) averaged 8.7% weight loss. Rule violations also significantly predicted physical activity at 6 months. Among participants without any rule violations, physical activity at 6 months averaged 169.8 min/week, versus 127.2 min/week among those with rule violations. Conclusions Particular aspects of executive functioning may predict the relative ease or difficulty of changing eating and exercise-related behaviors, albeit with small effect sizes. This study is the first to our knowledge to detect a predictive relationship between components of executive functioning and objectively measured physical activity in adult lifestyle modification, and one of the first to predict weight loss in adults using an objective measure of executive functioning. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT02363010

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Prefrontal cortex-mediated executive function as assessed by Stroop task performance associates with weight loss among overweight and obese adolescents and young adults

Cited by 35 publications

References 79 publications

Cognition and Brain Activation in Response to Various Doses of Caffeine: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

Cognition and Brain Activation in Response to Various Doses of Caffeine: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging in Exercise–Cognition Science: A Systematic, Methodology-Focused Review

Executive Functioning as a Predictor of Weight Loss and Physical Activity Outcomes

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