Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades

Hasegawa, Ryohei; Peterson, B. W.; Goldberg, Michael E.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.07.013

Cited by 90 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…A possible explanation for this is that the inactivated sites corresponded to areas 46 and 9/46 (Petrides and Pandya, 1999), whereas our corticotectal neurons were recorded primarily from area 8a, anterior to FEFs. This area corresponds closely to that identified by Hasegawa et al (2004), as containing neurons coding saccade suppression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Monkey Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Sends Task-Selective Signals Directly to the Superior Colliculus

Johnston¹,

Everling²

2006

J. Neurosci.

124

130

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The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been implicated in the ability to perform complex behaviors requiring the implementation of cognitive control. A central supposition of models of prefrontal function is that the DLPFC engages control by selectively modulating the activity of target structures to which it is connected, but no studies in the primate have directly investigated DLPFC output signals. Here, we recorded the activity of DLPFC neurons identified as sending a direct projection to the superior colliculus, a midbrain oculomotor structure, while monkeys performed alternating blocks of trials in which they had to look toward a flashed peripheral stimulus (prosaccades) and trials in which they had to look away from the stimulus in the opposite direction (antisaccades). We report the first direct evidence that the primate DLPFC sends task-selective signals to a target structure. This supports the notion that the DLPFC orchestrates the activity of other brain areas in accordance with task requirements.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Monkey Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Sends Task-Selective Signals Directly to the Superior Colliculus

Johnston¹,

Everling²

2006

J. Neurosci.

124

130

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“…It is likely that this change between stages is associated with the neural representation of the goal through processes such as shifting of attention and vector inversion, which correspond to the encoding of a spatial location away from the stimulus (33). Similar activation by stimuli that the monkey is explicitly instructed not to foveate has been previously reported in the prefrontal cortex (43). Activity associated with vector inversion has also been reported in the Lateral Intraparietal Area (44), at least for a memory-guided antisaccade task, which allows the monkey considerable time to plan the response away from the stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Behavioral response inhibition and maturation of goal representation in prefrontal cortex after puberty

Zhou

Zhu

King

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Executive functions including behavioral response inhibition mature after puberty, in tandem with structural changes in the prefrontal cortex. Little is known about how activity of prefrontal neurons relates to this profound cognitive development. To examine this, we tracked neuronal responses of the prefrontal cortex in monkeys as they transitioned from puberty into adulthood and compared activity at different developmental stages. Performance of the antisaccade task greatly improved in this period. Among neural mechanisms that could facilitate it, reduction of stimulus-driven activity, increased saccadic activity, or enhanced representation of the opposing goal location, only the latter was evident in adulthood. Greatly accentuated in adults, this neural correlate of vector inversion may be a prerequisite to the formation of a motor plan to look away from the stimulus. Our results suggest that the prefrontal mechanisms that underlie mature performance on the antisaccade task are more strongly associated with forming an alternative plan of action than with suppressing the neural impact of the prepotent stimulus.prefrontal | antisaccade | monkey | neurophysiology | adolescence B ehavioral response inhibition, and cognitive task performance more generally, improves substantially between the time of puberty and adulthood (1-4). Risky decision-making peaks in adolescence, the time period between puberty and adulthood that is most closely linked to delinquent behavior in humans (5-7). Performance in tasks that assay response inhibition, such as the antisaccade task, improves into adulthood, reflecting the progressive development of behavioral control (3). This period of cognitive enhancement parallels the maturation of the prefrontal cortex (8-11). Anatomical changes in the prefrontal cortex continue during adolescence, involving gray and white matter volumes and myelination of axon fibers within the prefrontal cortex and between the prefrontal cortex and other areas (8-15). Changes in prefrontal activation, including increases (12,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) and decreases (21, 22), have been documented in imaging studies for tasks that require inhibition of prepotent behavioral responses and filtering of distractors.Much less is known about how the physiological properties of prefrontal neurons develop after puberty. Similar to the human pattern of development, the monkey prefrontal cortex undergoes anatomical maturation in adolescence and early adulthood (23,24). Male monkeys enter puberty at ∼3.5 y of age and reach full sexual maturity at 5 y, approximately equivalent to the human ages of 11 y and 16 y, respectively (25,26). By some accounts, biochemical and anatomical changes characteristic of adolescence in humans occur at an earlier, prepubertal age in the monkey prefrontal cortex (27, 28), so it is not known if cognitive maturation or neurophysiological changes occur in monkeys after puberty. The contribution of prefrontal cortex to antisaccade performance has also been a matter of debate, with contrasting views fav...

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“…Their methods did not allow them, however, to ascertain how widely these inputs were spread over the colliculi. Hasegawa et al (2004), however, found neurons in DLPFC (and to a lesser extent in FEF) that became active when a saccade to a specific object had to be suppressed. These neurons would be ideal for the implementation of location-specific inhibition as proposed here.…”

Section: Novelties and Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

A competitive integration model of exogenous and endogenous eye movements

2010

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We present a model of the eye movement system in which the programming of an eye movement is the result of the competitive integration of information in the superior colliculi (SC). This brain area receives input from occipital cortex, the frontal eye fields, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, on the basis of which it computes the location of the next saccadic target. Two critical assumptions in the model are that cortical inputs are not only excitatory, but can also inhibit saccades to specific locations, and that the SC continue to influence the trajectory of a saccade while it is being executed. With these assumptions, we account for many neurophysiological and behavioral findings from eye movement research. Interactions within the saccade map are shown to account for effects of distractors on saccadic reaction time (SRT) and saccade trajectory, including the global effect and oculomotor capture. In addition, the model accounts for express saccades, the gap effect, saccadic reaction times for antisaccades, and recorded responses from neurons in the SC and frontal eye fields in these tasks.

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Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades

Cited by 90 publications

References 58 publications

Monkey Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Sends Task-Selective Signals Directly to the Superior Colliculus

Monkey Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Sends Task-Selective Signals Directly to the Superior Colliculus

Behavioral response inhibition and maturation of goal representation in prefrontal cortex after puberty

A competitive integration model of exogenous and endogenous eye movements

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