Prefrontal space ratio: comparison between trisomy 21 and euploid fetuses in the second trimester

Sonek, Jiri; Molina, Francisca S.; Hiett, Adam K.; Glover, Melanie; McKenna, David S.; Nicolaides, Kypros H.

doi:10.1002/uog.11120

Cited by 28 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The equivalent of the PFSR in previous studies [6,7], derived from our measurements, was 0.371 (SD 0.249) in trisomy-21 and 1.174 (SD 0.182) in euploid pregnancies (p < 0.0001), the AUROC in screening for trisomy-21 was 0.996 (95% CI 0.981-0.999) and the detection rate was 100% (95% CI 92.1-100.0) at a false-positive rate of 5%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the previous studies on PFSR [6,7], their d1 was equivalent to our D1, their d2 was equivalent to our D2-D1 and their PFSR was derived by dividing d2 by d1, which is equivalent to our D2-D1 divided by D1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of stored three-dimensional (3D) volumes of fetal profiles from 26 trisomy-21 fetuses and 90 euploid fetuses at 15-25 weeks' gestation reported that the PFSR in trisomy-21 fetuses (mean 0.36, range 0-0.81) was significantly lower than in euploid fetuses (mean 1.48, range 0.85-2.95) [6]. Another study of stored two-dimensional images of fetal profiles from 91 trisomy-21 fetuses and 279 euploid fetuses at 15-40 weeks' gestation similarly reported that the PFSR in trisomy-21 fetuses (mean 0.2, SD 0.38) was lower than in euploid fetuses (mean 0.97, SD 0.29) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sonek et al [6] proposed a new method of screening for trisomy-21 which exploits these two features of affected fetuses. In the midline view of the fetal face a mandibulo-maxillary (MM) line is drawn between the leading edge of the mandible and the maxilla and extended in front of the forehead.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Second-Trimester Screening for Trisomy-21 Using Prefrontal Space Ratio

et al. 2013

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Objective: To investigate the potential value of prefrontal space ratio (PFSR) in second-trimester screening for trisomy-21. Methods: A retrospective study utilizing stored midsagittal two-dimensional images of fetal profiles in 240 euploid and 45 trisomy-21 pregnancies at 16⁺⁰-23⁺⁶ weeks' gestation. The vertical distance between the leading edge of the skull and that of the skin (D1) and the distance between the skull and the mandibulo-maxillary line (D2) were measured and the D1:D2 ratio (PFSR) was calculated. In euploid pregnancies, regression analysis was used to determine the association between D1, D2 and PFSR with gestational age (GA). D1 and D2 were expressed as delta (Δ) values with gestational age. ΔD1, ΔD2 and PFSR in cases and controls were compared. Results: In trisomy-21, compared to controls, ΔD1 was increased (1.417 vs. 0.000 mm, p < 0.0001), ΔD2 was decreased (-0.842 vs. 0.000 mm, p = 0.003) and PFSR was increased (0.753 vs. 0.463, p < 0.0001). At a false-positive rate of 5%, the detection rates in screening by ΔD1, ΔD2 and PSFR were 80.0% (95% CI 65.4-90.4), 46.7% (95% CI 31.7-62.1) and 100.0% (95% CI 92.1-100.0), respectively. Conclusion: The PFSR is an effective marker in second-trimester screening for trisomy-21.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Second-Trimester Screening for Trisomy-21 Using Prefrontal Space Ratio

et al. 2013

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“…The latest screening strategy for first and second trimester was introduced by Nicolaides et al ( 51,53,60,65,69,70,[74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83] CRL, BPD, FHR and FL were measured from the beginning of the obstetric ultrasound era.…”

Section: The Explanation Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%