Preganglionic innervation of the adrenal gland of the rat: A study using horseradish peroxidase

Schramm, Lawrence P.; Adair, John R.; Stribling, Judith M.; Gray, Louis P.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(75)90107-7

Cited by 161 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Quantitative studies on the mediolateral distribution of preganglionic cell bodies are consistent in showing, in both the cat and dog, that the majority of cells (75-98%) lie in the intermediolateral horn and adjacent white funiculus: few cells are present in the intermediate and medial areas (Schramm et al 1975;Chung, Chung & Wurster, 1975;Deuschl & Illert, 1978;Chung et al 1979;Kuo et al 1980;Oldfield & McLachlan, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…It is generally accepted (La Vail & La Vail, 1974;Ellison & Clarke, 1975;Schramm, Adair, Stribling & Gray, 1975;Kristensson, 1978;Bennett et al 1981) that retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase occurs at rates faster than 3-5 mm.h-1. The maximum transport distances involved in our experiments were 4 cm and 2 cm for the dog and cat respectively and even with the shortest elapsed time neurones much further rostral and caudal to those observed could have been labelled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Location and Characteristics of Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurones in the Lower Thoracic Spinal Cord of Dog and Cat

Bennett¹,

McWilliam²,

Goodchild

et al. 1986

Exp Physiol

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SUMMARYThe retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase from a white ramus communicans has been used to define the precise segmental location of sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies in the spinal cord of the cat and dog. All labelled cells were found ipsilaterally and were confined to the spinal cord segment from which the ramus originated. Most lay in the intermediolateral cell column and the immediately adjacent white matter, though others were scattered in more medial areas of the grey matter. We suggest that the observed distribution of sympathetic preganglionic neurones, the orientation of their processes and the paths taken by their axons are a direct result of cell migration during the embryological development of the spinal cord.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Location and Characteristics of Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurones in the Lower Thoracic Spinal Cord of Dog and Cat

Bennett¹,

McWilliam²,

Goodchild

et al. 1986

Exp Physiol

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“…A similar possibility might exist for preganglionic neurones to the superior cervical ganglion: the great majority of these are situated in the lateral part of the intermediate zone, but some have dendrites extending towards the centre and a few are centrally placed (Rando et al 1981). It is not known whether these might include neurones which innervate the chromaffin-like small granule-containing cells, but very few of the preganglionic neurones destined from chromaffin tissue, at more caudal levels of the spinal cord, are placed near to the mid line (Schramm, Adair, Stribling & Gray, 1975). A retrograde trophic influence on these would however be considerably less direct than that postulated by Rotshenker, since it must depend on intraspinal transsynaptic transfer of a postulated retrograde trophic effect on preganglionic neurones of the detachment of their synapses from chromatolytic neurones in the ganglion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incoming synapses and size of small granule‐containing cells in a rat sympathetic ganglion after post‐ganglionic axotomy.

Case¹,

Matthews²

1986

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. A quantitative ultrastructural study has been made of the reaction of the incoming synapses of small granule-containing cells after axotomy of the major post-ganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion of the young adult rat. These cells are intrinsic and interneurone-like in this ganglion, receiving a preganglionic input and giving outgoing synapses to principal post-ganglionic neurones.2. Unlike their outgoing synapses, which are lost after post-ganglionic axotomy (Case & Matthews, 1986), the incoming synapses of the small granule-containing cells in axotomized ganglia increased in incidence post-operatively. The increase first became clearly evident 5-7 days post-operatively and was greater, being both more sustained and progressive, after bilateral than after unilateral axotomy. After bilateral axotomy the incidence of incoming synapses rose to more than four times that of normal ganglia and was still elevated at 128 days post-operatively, but was within normal limits at 390 days.3. After a unilateral lesion, increases of similar extent and time course to those in the axotomized ganglia were seen in the incoming synapses of small granulecontaining cells in the uninjured contralateral ganglia.4. The incoming synapses of the small granule-containing cells are multifocal, i.e. show several points or active foci of synaptic specialization. The increase in synapses expressed itself both through an increased incidence of these synaptic active foci per nerve terminal and through an increase in the number of~presynaptic nerve terminal profiles associated with the cells.5. Control observations indicated that the increase in synapses was not due to surgical stress, nor was it attributable solely to post-operative ageing.6. The nerve terminals which were presynaptic to the small granule-containing cells post-operatively were all ofpreganglionic origin: no incoming synapses or presynaptic nerve terminals remained at 2 days after a preganglionic denervation of axotomized or contralateral ganglia, at whatever stage this was performed throughout the range of survival intervals.7. There was some evidence that the synapses had increased by sprouting, including terminal sprouting, of the preganglionic nerve fibres. In the shorter term * To whom correspondence should be sent.PHY 374 2 C. P. CASE AND M. R. MATTHEWS there was an increase in the proportion of small nerve terminal profiles. In the longer term the mean size of the terminal profiles increased, and very large terminals of unusual form were seen.8. After post-ganglionic axotomy, and in particular after a bilateral lesion, the small granule-containing cells became hypertrophied. The size of the small granulecontaining cells was directly correlated with both the incidence and the collective size of the preganglionic nerve terminals which innervated them. Both the small granule-containing cells and their incoming innervation thus display a considerable capacity for expansion, such as is found to be inherent also in other neuronal systems.9. These inte...

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“…Cutaneous stimulation: Noxious mecha nical stimulation was performed by pinching skin areas of approximately 1 cm2 with a surgical clamp (about 5 kg force). Pinching was applied to different cutaneous segmental areas: the lower chest from whose spinal segments the adrenal nerves emerge (22) and the hindpaw whose spinal segments are distal to the segments of the adrenal sympa thetic outflow (23). These cutaneous areas were stimulated for 1 min, before (control period) and 10 to 30 min after spantide administration, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the substance P antagonist spantide on adrenal sympathetic nerve activity in rats.

et al. 1987

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Abstract-Inorder to elucidate the role of substance P in adrenal nerve activity, the effects of substance P antagonists on 1) tonic activity of the adrenal sympa thetic nerve, 2) the response to exogenous substance P and 3) cutaneo-adrenal nerve reflex were investigated in anesthetized rats. Substance P or its antagonist [(Arg', D-Trp7'9, Leu" )-substance P: spantide] was injected into the subara chnoid space via polyethylene tubing.Intrathecal administration of spantide (0.1 10 iig) produced a slight and transient increase in tonic activity of the adrenal nerve. Thereafter, a marked and prolonged decrease in adrenal nerve activity was observed, along with a decrease in arterial blood pressure.Intrathecally adminis tered substance P (0.1-10 ieg) produced a marked increase in tonic activity of the adrenal nerve in a dose-related manner. This substance P-induced increase in adrenal nerve activity was significantly antagonized by pretreatment with spantide. It was also found that spantide depressed the reflex response in adrenal nerve activity evoked by noxious mechanical pinching of the skin. These findings suggest the possibility that on the spinal level, substance P has an important role in the maintenance of tonic activity of the adrenal nerve and the transmission of nocicep tive information to the adrenal nerve in rats.

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Preganglionic innervation of the adrenal gland of the rat: A study using horseradish peroxidase

Cited by 161 publications

References 17 publications

The Location and Characteristics of Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurones in the Lower Thoracic Spinal Cord of Dog and Cat

The Location and Characteristics of Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurones in the Lower Thoracic Spinal Cord of Dog and Cat

Incoming synapses and size of small granule‐containing cells in a rat sympathetic ganglion after post‐ganglionic axotomy.

Effect of the substance P antagonist spantide on adrenal sympathetic nerve activity in rats.

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