Pregnancy After Cardiac Surgery

Abstract

Women with native heart valve disease who are considering getting pregnant should have a complete risk estimation to determine whether an intervention is required prior to becoming pregnant and, if so, to determine when it should be performed and what kind of surgical therapy will be used. Pregnancy is linked to early and late structural valve degeneration in women who have bioprostheses, suggesting a high reoperation rate. A mechanical valve during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal complications such as valve thrombosis and mortality. The claim that women with defective hearts should not become pregnant was driven by the high maternal death rate among cardiac patients who became pregnant. A preoperative anticoagulation therapy trial helped women scheduled for valve replacement to acquire complete information as to the choice of the prosthetic device. Integrated risk stratification scheme for pregnant patients with valvular heart disease, with WHO classification and an algorithmic approach to both preconception counseling and anticoagulation strategy as outlined here, as well as early referral to a cardiologist with expertise in the management of cardiac disease and pregnancy for these complex patients is recommended. However, in reality, some women present while pregnant and valve disease needs to be managed, balancing maternal outcome and fetal risk. In general, optimizing the hemodynamic situation of the mother is also beneficial to the fetus. However, cardiac surgery carries a high risk for the fetus. No anticoagulant regimen can be said to be entirely safe for use during pregnancy, as there is a degree of risk with each regimen. Therefore, this review has been done to find appropriate management for women dealing with such conditions.

Comparative study of clinical and endocrinal profile between lean and obese patients of polycystic ovary syndrome

“…5 Acne was a presenting complaint in 18% of subjects and did not differ in an obese and lean group according to Akshaya et al 5 In our study, out of 100 women with PCOS, the majority, i.e., 55 had a BMI of 25-29.9 kg/m 2 (overweight), followed by 25 with a BMI of >30 kg/m 2 (obese) which was comparable with Makhija et al studies. 11 The mean BMI value of our study was 22.45 in the lean PCOS group and 30.91 in the obese PCOS group which were like Makhija et al and Ali et el. 11,12 Hirsutism is seen in both lean PCOS and obese PCOS.…”

“…11 The mean BMI value of our study was 22.45 in the lean PCOS group and 30.91 in the obese PCOS group which were like Makhija et al and Ali et el. 11,12 Hirsutism is seen in both lean PCOS and obese PCOS.…”

A miraculous pregnancy following a myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass grafting: a case report and review of literature

“…Advances in cardiac surgery has improved quality of life and level of functioning of cardiovascular system of patients with congenital or acquired heart disease. 2 Although myocardial infarction (MI) during pregnancy has been reported in many cases and the management in this situation is clearly presented in current guidelines, but data on pregnancy after MI are scarce. 3 However, it is not surprising because this is a complex issue involving thorough evaluation of cardiovascular status in each pregnant woman and assessment of risk for developing coronary complications.…”