Pregnancy and the eye. Changes in morphology of the cornea and the anterior chamber of the eye in pregnant woman

Taradaj, Karol; Ginda, Tomasz; Maciejewicz, Piotr; Ciechanowicz, Piotr; Suchońska, Barbara; Hajbos, Marta; Kociszewska-Najman, Bozena; Wielgoś, Mirosław; Kęcik, Dariusz

doi:10.5603/gp.a2018.0117

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…According to Akar, et al (2005, p. 41), "no significant change in mean keratometry or refractive error values was observed in pregnant women and controls during the study". Studies by Taradaj, et al (2018) did not find a relationship between pregnancy and cylindrical refractive error and the axis of astigmatism.…”

Section: Refractive Errors During Pregnancy: a Bibliographic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 82%

Refractive errors during pregnancy: A bibliographic review

Cavalli¹,

Bettes²,

Friedrich³

et al. 2023

Development and Its Applications in Scientific Knowledge

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Introduction: During pregnancy, many physiological changes occur in women secondary to the metabolic demands of the fetus, placenta, and uterus and the increasing levels of sex hormones. The hormonal peak is characterized by the increase in estrogen, progesterone, and androgen which have receptors in various tissues, with the ability to modify them. The purpose of the research is to analyze the emergence/progression of refractive errors during pregnancy, describe the pathophysiology, identify if there is an improvement in the postpartum period, if there is a need for treatment, and verify the relationship between the mode of delivery and the RE. Material and methods: A bibliographic review was carried out with research restrictions from 2000 to 2022, being selected thirty-one studies. It also had a theoretical basis in books and reports. Results and discussions: Since the gestational period is related to physiological, pathological changes or changes in certain conditions, we have to take into account that the ocular tissues can change. The presence of sex hormone receptors in eye tissues been observed, which are affected during pregnancy, causing eye disorders to be exacerbated or ameliorated. Conclusion: Most authors conclude that RE can occur during pregnancy, however, many have inconclusive results. RE are physiological changes during this period, not requiring treatment, as they tend to regress after delivery. Changes in the RE and the mode of delivery should not be taken into account. More research is needed on the subject, as many articles contradict each other, despite the changes in the cornea being confirmed.

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Section: Refractive Errors During Pregnancy: a Bibliographic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 82%

Refractive errors during pregnancy: A bibliographic review

Cavalli¹,

Bettes²,

Friedrich³

et al. 2023

Development and Its Applications in Scientific Knowledge

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mete et al found that the valsalva maneuvers reduce it by anterior displacement of iridolenticular diaphragm during this exercise [17]. Pregnancy was found to vary ACD in the third trimester versus postpartum period; these changes were not statistically significant, but the changes were attributed to CT change as a response to stromal water retention by hormonal effect [18]. For many years, the question remained if low birth weight was related to adulthood modifications in anterior chamber geometry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Clinical features of the Anterior Chamber Depth

Angel¹,

Gonzalez²,

Jorge³

2021

Int J Ophthalmol Clin Res

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Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD) plays an important role in several eye conditions, including inflammatory eye processes, keratoconus, endothelial cell density loss (ECDL), oxidative stress in endothelial cells, glaucoma surgical interventions, phacoemulsification surgery, anterior chamber dimensions, intraocular lens (IOL) formula calculations and surgical post refractive errors.ACD corresponds to the distance between the corneal endothelium to the anterior lens capsule. Some authors may include the corneal thickness (CT) in this term, increasing approximately 0.5mm, corresponding to the average CT in mm. Although this is not a consensus, it is usually specified as ACD-CT [1]. ACD varies with age and gender. It has an inverse proportional relation with age, and directly proportional relation with the anterior chamber angle (ACA), and axial length (AL) [2,3]. Moreover, for every millimeter increase in AL the ACD distance increases by 0.07 mm, and by every year increment in a patient's life the ACD decreases by 0.005mm. This led to the following formulas; estimated ACD [3.339 -0.005(age in years)] and ACD [0.07(axial length in mm)+1.4892] [4]. Other reported rates of ACD shallowing per year have been described, by Xu in the Beijing Eye Study at 9 μm/year [5] Fernandez-Vigo by 10.4 μm/year [6], Rufer 11.5 μm/year [7], Sun by 11.9 μm/year [8] Sng by 15 μm/year [9] and Yan by 17 μm/year [10]. The relevancy of this issue, albeit the immense variations just described, lies in the young individual that receives an IOL. Given their theoretically

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“…The skin changes were speculated to be associated with hormone-mediated water retention ( Eisenbeiss et al, 1998 ). In some pregnant females, pregnancy-associated changes in cornea thickness have been reported, presumably due to water retention that is reversed postpartum ( Taradaj et al, 2018 ). As changes in water content would be a readily reversible strategy to influence the properties of a connective tissue, it would be preferred over one that involved the degradation and synthesis of an essential structural component such as collagen.…”

Section: Influence Of Sex On Msk Tissues As An Adultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in musculoskeletal injury and disease risks across the lifespan: Are there unique subsets of females at higher risk than males for these conditions at distinct stages of the life cycle?

Hart

2023

Front. Physiol.

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Sex differences have been reported for diseases of the musculoskeletal system (MSK) as well as the risk for injuries to tissues of the MSK system. For females, some of these occur prior to the onset of puberty, following the onset of puberty, and following the onset of menopause. Therefore, they can occur across the lifespan. While some conditions are related to immune dysfunction, others are associated with specific tissues of the MSK more directly. Based on this life spectrum of sex differences in both risk for injury and onset of diseases, a role for sex hormones in the initiation and progression of this risk is somewhat variable. Sex hormone receptor expression and functioning can also vary with life events such as the menstrual cycle in females, with different tissues being affected. Furthermore, some sex hormone receptors can affect gene expression independent of sex hormones and some transitional events such as puberty are accompanied by epigenetic alterations that can further lead to sex differences in MSK gene regulation. Some of the sex differences in injury risk and the post-menopausal disease risk may be “imprinted” in the genomes of females and males during development and sex hormones and their consequences only modulators of such risks later in life as the sex hormone milieu changes. The purpose of this review is to discuss some of the relevant conditions associated with sex differences in risks for loss of MSK tissue integrity across the lifespan, and further discuss several of the implications of their variable relationship with sex hormones, their receptors and life events.

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Pregnancy and the eye. Changes in morphology of the cornea and the anterior chamber of the eye in pregnant woman

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Refractive errors during pregnancy: A bibliographic review

Refractive errors during pregnancy: A bibliographic review

Clinical features of the Anterior Chamber Depth

Sex differences in musculoskeletal injury and disease risks across the lifespan: Are there unique subsets of females at higher risk than males for these conditions at distinct stages of the life cycle?

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