Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes among women experiencing nausea only or nausea and vomiting during pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

Abstract

BackgroundTo compare pregnancy complications and birth outcomes for women experiencing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, or nausea only, with symptom-free women.MethodsPregnancies from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (n = 51 675), a population-based prospective cohort study, were examined. Data on nausea and/or vomiting during gestation and birth outcomes were collected from three questionnaires answered between gestation weeks 15 and 30, and linked with data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Chi-squared tests, one way analysis of variance, multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used.ResultsWomen with nausea and vomiting (NVP) totalled 17 070 (33 %), while 20 371 (39 %) experienced nausea only (NP), and 14 234 (28 %) were symptom-free (SF). When compared to SF women, NVP and NP women had significantly increased odds for pelvic girdle pain (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, 2.26, 95 % confidence interval, 95 % CI, 2.09–2.43, and aOR 1.90, 95 % CI, 1.76–2.05, respectively) and proteinuria (aOR 1.50, 95 % CI 1.38–1.63, and 1.20, 95 % CI 1.10–1.31, respectively). Women with NVP also had significantly increased odds for high blood pressure (aOR 1.40, 95 % CI 1.17–1.67) and preeclampsia (aOR 1.13, 95 % CI 1.01–1.27). Conversely, the NVP and NP groups had significantly reduced odds for unfavourable birth outcomes such as low birth weight infants (aOR 0.72, 95 % CI 0.60–0.88, and aOR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.60–0.88, respectively) and small for gestational age infants (aOR 0.78, 95 % CI 0.73–0.84, and aOR 0.87, 95 % CI 0.81–0.93, respectively).ConclusionsWe found that women with NVP and NP are more likely to develop pregnancy complications, yet they display mostly favourable delivery and birth outcomes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0580-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Validation of specific questionnaires to assess nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in a French population

“…In the present study, female sex of the offspring was not associated with NVP, contrasting with what can be found in the literature [19]. One study found that women with NVP are more likely to develop pregnancy complications (proteinuria, high blood pressure, or pre‐eclampsia) than women without NVP [20]. Therefore, it is important to identify high‐risk patients with NVP and objectively evaluate their symptoms.…”

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy - What's new?

“…Women with NVP have significantly increased odds for high blood pressure and preeclampsia compared with symptom-free pregnant women (Chortatos et al, 2015). In addition, in 10–35% of patients the symptoms of NVP lead to increased feelings of depression, and may cause a negative impact on employment, household duties, parenting and family relationships (Attard et al, 2002; Mazzotta et al, 2000b; Mazzotta et al, 2000c; Niebyl, 2010; O’Brien et al, 1992; Smith et al, 2000).…”

“…In contrast to the burden that NVP can be for the pregnant woman, most studies have found that mild NVP is associated with favorable outcomes for the fetus including reduced odds for low birth weight and small for gestational age (Brandes, 1967; Chortatos et al, 2015; Little, 1980; Medalie, 1957; Milkovich et al, 1976; Petitti, 1986; Tierson et al, 1986), reduced risk of preterm delivery (Brandes, 1967; Jarnfelt-Samsioe, 1987; Klebanoff et al, 1985; Koren et al, 2014; Medalie, 1957; Milkovich et al, 1976; Petitti, 1986; Tierson et al, 1986) and reductions in the likelihood of miscarriage (Jarnfelt-Samsioe, 1987; Klebanoff et al, 1985; Koren et al, 2014; Medalie, 1957; Milkovich et al, 1976; Petitti, 1986; Weigel et al, 1989). …”

Evidence-Based Practices During Pregnancy and Midwifery Approach

“…(2015) tarafından yapılan gebelik döneminde bulantı kusması olan kadınlarla, olmayan kadınları karşılaştıran bir çalışmada (n= 51.675) gebelik komplikasyonları ve doğum sonuçları yönünden iki gurup kıyaslanmış ve gebelikte bulantı kusmanın gebelik komplikasyonlarıyla bağlantılı olduğu ancak doğum sonuçla-rıyla bağlantılı olmadığı saptanmıştır. 26 DSÖ (2016), yapılan meta analiz çalışmaları-nın sonuçlarına göre; zayıf kalitede kanıt düze-yinde zencefil, papatya ve akupunkturu, orta kalitede kanıt düzeyinde ise B6 vitaminini gebelikte bulantı kusmanın azaltılmasında tavsiye ettiğini belirtmektedir. Üç büyük öğün yemek yerine küçük porsiyonlarda az ve sık yemek ve az yağlı ve sindirimi kolay gıdalar (muz, pirinç, elmalı çay, tost ve çay) yemek gerektiği, Zencefil, zencefil çayı, zencefil kapsülleri ve zencefilli şekerlerle yapılan içecekleri tüketmenin gebeye iyi geleceğini ve şiddetli kusan gebelerde mide özsuyunun diş minesine zarar vermesini engellemek için, bir çay kaşığı karbonatla gargara yapılmasını, böylece ağız içi asidin nötralize edilebileceğini belirtmiştir.…”