Pregnancy during COVID-19: social contact patterns and vaccine coverage of pregnant women from CoMix in 19 European countries

Abstract

BackgroundEvidence and advice for pregnant women evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. We studied social contact behaviour and vaccine uptake in pregnant women between March 2020 and September 2021 in 19 European countries.MethodsIn each country, repeated online survey data were collected from a panel of nationally-representative participants. We calculated the mean adjusted contacts reported with an individual-level generalized additive mixed model, modelled using the negative binomial distribution and a log link function. Mean proportion of people in isolation or quarantine, and vaccination coverage by pregnancy status and gender were calculated using a clustered bootstrap.FindingsWe recorded 4,129 observations from 1,041 pregnant women, and 115,359 observations from 29,860 non-pregnant individuals aged 18-49. Pregnant women made slightly fewer contacts (3.6, 95%CI=3.5-3.7) than non-pregnant women (4.0, 95%CI=3.9-4.0), driven by fewer work contacts but marginally more contacts in non-essential social settings. Approximately 15-20% pregnant and 5% of non-pregnant individuals reported to be in isolation and quarantine for large parts of the study period.COVID-19 vaccine coverage was higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women between January and April 2021. Since May 2021, vaccination in non-pregnant women began to increase and surpassed that in pregnant women.InterpretationSocial contacts and vaccine uptake protect pregnant women and their newborn babies. Recognition of maternal social support need, and efforts to promote the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy are high priorities in this vulnerable group.

Dynamics of non-household contacts during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 in the Netherlands

“…Our findings suggest that the contact data collected in the CoMix survey describe trends in contact behaviour in the general population. As such it can be useful in monitoring the effect of control measures that are aimed at contact reduction 17,25,26 , describe determinants for contact behaviour 27,28 , or serve as input for infectious disease models [29][30][31] . These results can help guide policy in future waves of COVID-19 or other emerging respiratory diseases by monitoring the interaction between contact behaviour, control measures and complicance, and emphasize that contact surveys such as the CoMix study are indispensable for providing a quantitative basis to public health policy.…”

Longitudinal social contact data analysis: insights from 2 years of data collection in Belgium during the COVID-19 pandemic

“…The transmission parameters are strongly influenced by the integrated mixing patterns of a transmission model [4]. Several studies [5,6,7] have used social contact surveys to draw insights in how people mix in the population, which have then been used to guide the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI), such as in the context of COVID-19 [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17].…”