Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus exhibit unique features in oral microbiome

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) leads to a series of adverse pregnancy outcomes, seriously endangering the health of mothers and infants. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the gold standard test for GDM diagnosis, but largely increases the discomfort of pregnant women, and is inconvenient to follow-up and detection. Considering that oral sampling is convenient, rapid, safe and non-invasive, the feasibility of distinguishing GDM via biomarkers from oral microbiota was evaluated in this study. Here, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to compare the microbiome of saliva and dental plaque samples of 111 pregnant women, and to analyze the structure of oral microbiota in patients with GDM as well as to find effective biomarkers. Results: The results showed that the microbiota of both types of oral samples in patients with GDM changed, and it was quite different from that of neither periodontitis nor dental caries. By using bacterial biomarkers from oral microbiota, GDM classification models based on SVM and random forest algorithms were constructed. For the SVM algorithm, the AUC value of the classification model constructed by the combination of dental plaque Lautropia , Neisseria and saliva Veillonella achieved 0.83. For the random forest algorithm, the maximum AUC value of the model constructed by the dental plaque Streptococcus , Eikenella , Anoxybacillus and saliva Leptotrichia , Kingella was larger than 0.90. Conclusions: These findings revealed that certain bacteria of either saliva or dental plaque can accurately distinguish GDM from healthy pregnant women, which provides a potential non-invasive approach for GDM diagnosis with oral microbial markers.

Akkermansia muciniphila is Negatively Correlated with Hemoglobin A1c in Refractory Diabetes

“…Veillonella is a gram-negative anaerobic cocci that normally resides in the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity and vagina [31,32]. An increased abundance of Veillonella was detected in the saliva of the oral microbiome in T2D and gestational diabetes mellitus, as well as a pathogen in diabetic patients with osteomyelitis [33][34][35]. The species of Veillonella denticariosi (V. denticariosi) was first isolated from human carious dentine, and the function of V. denticariosi remained uncertain [36].…”