Preharvest Salicylate Treatments Enhance Antioxidant Compounds, Color and Crop Yield in Low Pigmented-Table Grape Cultivars and Preserve Quality Traits during Storage

Abstract

Previous reports reported on the effectiveness of preharvest salicylic acid (SA) treatment on increasing fruit quality properties although no information is available about acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and methyl salicylate (MeSa) treatments. Thus, SA, ASA and MeSa were applied at 1, 5, and 10 mM in 2016 and at 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mM in 2017 to vines of ‘Magenta’ and ‘Crimson’ table grapes. Preharvest salicylate treatments at high concentration, 5 and 10 mM, delayed berry ripening and reduced crop yield, while ripening was accelerated and yield increased at lower concentrations. In addition, SA, ASA, and MeSa treatments, at 1, 0.1, and 0.01 mM, improved berry color due to increased concentration of total and individual anthocyanins, for both cultivars. Quality parameters, and especially, antioxidant bioactive compounds, such as total phenolics and total and individual anthocyanins, were found at higher levels in treated berries at harvest and during prolonged cold storage, the highest effects being found in 0.1 mM MeSa treated table grapes. Overall, it could be concluded that MeSa treatment at 0.1 mM could be the most useful tool to increase bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties in table grape and in turn, their health beneficial properties, with additional effects on increasing crop yield, accelerating on-vine ripening process and maintaining quality traits during prolonged storage.

Physiological Disorders and Fruit Quality Attributes in Pomegranate: Effects of Meteorological Parameters, Canopy Position and Acetylsalicylic Acid Foliar Sprays

“…As expected the harvested fruit number was not affected by the ASA treatment, since the foliar applications started after 2 or 3 months of fruit development (August 19, 2011 and July 17, 2012). Similar to our findings on increasing fruit yield-related attributes on pomegranate were results on sweet cherry ( Giménez et al, 2014 ), plum ( Martínez-Esplá et al, 2017 , 2018 ), grapes ( Marzouk and Kassem, 2011 ; Champa et al, 2015 ; García-Pastor et al, 2020b ), and apples ( Shaaban et al, 2011 ). Increases in productivity by salicylic acid or its derivatives such as ASA were previously attributed to enhanced leaf area, photosynthetic pigments concentration in leaves, photosynthetic rate, and translocation of sugars from leaves to fruit; however, a controversial role on plant growth depending on cultivar, its concentration, plant growth conditions, and developmental stages has been reported ( Rivas-San Vicente and Plasencia, 2011 ).…”

“…ASA sprayings also improved TAC DPPH and SSC contents in juice. The above beneficial effects of ASA on fruit quality attributed were also documented in other studies on pomegranate ( Sayyari et al, 2011b ; Sayyari and Valero, 2012 ; García-Pastor et al, 2020a ) or other fruit species (apples, Giannousis, 2012 ; pears, Cao et al, 2006 (sweet cherries, Yao and Tian, 2005 ; Giménez et al, 2014 , 2017 ; Valverde et al, 2015 ; oranges, Huang et al, 2008 (grapes, Oraei et al, 2019 ; García-Pastor et al, 2020b ; plums, Martínez-Esplá et al, 2017 , 2018 ). The pomegranate cv.…”

“…Preharvest foliar sprayings with salicylic or ASA induced a range of beneficial effects such as improvement in fruit size, bioactive compounds, sugars, and organic acids in fruit trees species such as apples ( Shaaban et al, 2011 ; Giannousis, 2012 ), pears ( Cao et al, 2006 ), sweet cherries ( Yao and Tian, 2005 ; Giménez et al, 2014 , 2017 ; Valverde et al, 2015 ), oranges ( Huang et al, 2008 ), grapes ( Champa et al, 2015 ; Oraei et al, 2019 ; García-Pastor et al, 2020b ), and plums ( Martínez-Esplá et al, 2017 , 2018 ). However information is scarce for pomegranate and especially for the widely grown cv “Wonderful,” being a monoculture for the United States ( Chater et al, 2018 ) and the main cultivar introduced in Greece, Cyprus, and other countries.…”

Oxalic Acid Preharvest Treatment Improves Colour and Quality of Seedless Table Grape ‘Magenta’ Upregulating on-Vine Abscisic Acid Metabolism, Relative VvNCED1 Gene Expression, and the Antioxidant System in Berries

“…Consumers demand high and homogeneously coloured grapes, which in turn reach premium prices at the market and result in higher returns for growers (Peppi et al, 2006). Nevertheless, some red cultivars, such as the seedless table grapes 'Magenta' , produced through stenospermocarpy mechanism which leads parthenocarpy in the grapes, are characterised by a poor berry colour and a non-uniform colour along with clusters, which depreciates their commercial value (Peppi et al, 2006;García-Pastor et al, 2019, 2020c. ABA and ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, which is an ethylene-releasing compound) have been commercially used in viticulture to improve colour homogeneity (Peppi et al, 2006;Alenazi et al, 2019;Koyama et al, 2019).…”

Use of Salicylic Acid in the Production of Grafted Grapevine Seedlings

“…Доказана эффективность применения СК для повышения пищевой ценности ягод. Установлено, что предуборочная обработка салицилатами приводит к повышению общей кислотности, содержания биоактивных соединений и активности антиоксидантных ферментов в обработанных ягодах [6,7]. СК активно используется в культуре in vitro для активизации корнеобразования, защиты растений от болезней, лучшей приживаемости меристем, новообразования побегов [8].…”