Prejuicios de las enfermeras hacia la población inmigrante: Una mirada desde el Sur de España.

Abstract

RESUMENEn las últimas décadas España se ha convertido en un país receptor de inmigrantes, este aumento conlleva una creciente diversidad cultural en la sociedad que se refleja en el cambio del perfil cultural de los usuarios del sistema sanitario público.En este trabajo se ha marcado como objetivo tener una primera aproximación a los prejuicios que tiene el personal de Enfermería acerca de la población inmigrante.Metodología. Estudio cuantitativo transversal. Participantes: Personal de Enfermería de hospitales públicos de Almería. Recogida de datos: Cuestionario anónimo.Resultados. Más de un 68% de la muestra opina que "nos aprovechamos de los inmigrantes para ofrecerles los trabajos más precarios", no considerando que los inmigrantes dejen a españoles en el paro. Más de la mitad de la muestra está de acuerdo con la afirmación de que las minorías étnicas constituyen una fuente de conflictividad social y más del 80% relacionan inmigración y delincuencia. Conclusiones.Los prejuicios sociales marcan mayoritariamente las opiniones de las enfermeras. Vemos necesario el desarrollo de programas de formación y sensibilización dirigido a estos profesionales como clave para conseguir cambiar estas opiniones negativas ABSTRACTIn the last decades Spain has turned into a receiver country of immigrants.This increase entails a rise in the cultural diversity in the society which is reflected in the change of the cultural profile of the users of the health public system. The aim of this study has been to approach the prejudices of the nurses towards the immigrant population.

The nursing department’s view towards moroccan patients

“…At the same time, nurses themselves think they should continue making an effort for immigrants to have a better quality of life. But these ideas are in contrast with the perception that immigrants receive more social assistance than Spaniards and that too many resources are devoted to the care of this social group, with immigrant patients being considered responsible for the collapse of our health system, which could in a not too distant future lead to serious health and social problems, coinciding with ideas obtained by different studies (1,17,(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) . Although this is the perception of nurses, it has been demonstrated that immigrants do not use hospital services more frequently than the native population nor is this use more burdensome for the health system, and that, as in other cases, they do not use it excessively or inappropriately (22,27) .…”

“…But if the questionnaire is analysed according to the dimensions proposed by Plaza-del Pino (1) , we find the following results: when analysing each item in relation to the gender variable, we found a significant difference on item 20 "To a large extent, the collapse of the public health system has been caused by the rise in immigration", pertaining to the dimension of Immigration and social rights, with women having a worse score than men (χ2=.001, M Woman =1.59, M Man =3).…”

“…The data collection tool used was the modified (1) Immigration Attitude Scale for Nursing (12) (IASN), which consists of 35 items, which are distributed amongst six different dimensions. The questionnaire uses a 4-point Likert scale, with values ranging from 1 "I strongly disagree" (SD), 2 "I moderately disagree" (D), 3 "I moderately agree" (A) to 4 "I strongly agree" (SA); thus, the higher the score, the better the attitude towards Moroccan immigrant patients.…”

“…Migratory movements have taken place both throughout human history and at present, motivated by the need of populations to seek a better present and future (1) . Spain has -in a very short period of time -undergone a significant transformation in terms of immigration, going from being a country of emigrants to receiving many immigrants (2) .…”

Sociocultural and linguistic boundaries influencing intercultural communication between nurses and Moroccan patients in southern Spain: a focused ethnography

“…Various studies addressing cultural disparity by nationality in Spain have indicated that Moroccans are the foreigners with the greatest cultural distance to Spaniards, primarily due to their Muslim religion [6,7]. There is rejection of the intense religiosity attributed to them by the host community, since it is considered to influence their daily life too much and to hinder their integration into Spanish society.…”