Preliminary Acute Oral Toxicity Study of White Tea Leaf (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Ethanolic Extracts

Abstract

Background: White tea is a kind of tea which manufactured with minimal processing only drying without fermentation process. White tea prepared from very young tea leaves or buds of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Theaceae, covered with tiny, silvery hairs, and dried immediately after picking to prevent oxidation and commonly used as a beverage and herbal medicine. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the safety of the white tea leaf ethanolic extract (WTE) with acute toxicity tests. Methods: The acute oral toxicity of WTE performed at dose 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/Kg BW of Deutschland, Denken, and Yoken (DDY) mice. The animals observation for any mortality, behavioral, body weight and feed-water consumption pattern during the 14-day study. The liver, kidney, and heart isolation performed on day-15 to observe macroscopic and relative organ weight (ROW). Results: No treatment-related toxic symptom or mortality observed for the first 4 hours and 24 hours after oral administration of WTE at a dose of 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg BW. All the groups of mice did not show the significant changes in behavior, breathing, and motoric activity. Conclusions: This studies showed that the oral LD 50 of WTE was greater than 5000 mg/kg BW and suggests that the WTE is practically non-toxic in a single dose of level 5000 mg/kg BW. important to determine the potential acute toxicity of herbal medicines through LD 50 value and the spectrum of toxic effects. The potential acute toxicity of herbal medicine can be used to assess the limits of safety or therapeutic index (LD 50 / ED 50 ). The efficacy and toxicity of tea leave assumed from their very long history of consumption in the world and their main functional ingredients studies, 7 but a systematic evaluation of the toxicity of white tea has been lacking. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the safety of the white tea leaf ethanolic extract (WTE) with acute toxicity tests in Deutschland, Denken, and Yoken (DDY) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material and ExtractionThe white tea obtained from the Tea Plantation and Quinine Research Center in Gamboeng, West Java, Indonesia. White tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) sorted and collected then dried under sunlight. Furthermore, the tea leaves withered with a dryer. The white tea leaves powder made by grinding dried white tea leaves by using a grinder. Extraction method conducted by reflux with ethanol 70% at 60 o C for 3 hours, then re-reflux for two times and evaporated using evaporator. Animal Test Statistical AnalysisStatistical analysis determined as mean value ± standard deviation (SD). The data with normal distribution analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons using Bonferroni test. However, abnormal distribution analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test. Probability level of less than 5% (p < 0.05) was considered significant. RESULTSNo treatment-related toxic symptom or mortality observed for the first 4 h and 24 h after oral administration of WTE at a dose of 1250, 2500, and...

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