Background: Tea or also known as Camellia sinensis (Theaceae family) is the most popular plant and beverage in the world because of the sensory properties, prices are relatively cheap, stimulant effects, and their potential health benefits but white tea is not widely known. White tea is made from unfermented tea leaves young shoots protected from sunlight to avoid polyphenols degradation which inhibits of the chlorophyll formation and causing the white color on the leaf buds. Objective: The objective of research and development of herbal medicine is to improve the quality and safety of natural products. Materials and Methods: Macroscopical and microscopical features of the leaf have been analysis using an optical microscope and fragment analysis under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phytochemical and physico-chemical analysis were evaluated. The observation of the FTIR spectrum profiles is done by interpreting the typical peak that appears. Results: The leaf has actinocytic stomata, unicellular trichomes, heterogenous mesophyll which is characterized by the presence of calcium oxalate crystals and sclereid cells. Phytochemical analysis indicated resources the presence of tannins, flavonoids, glycosides and saponins.The content of polyphenol from white tea leaves ethanolic extract is 35.73% with the largest concentration of catechins is 18.84% and 17.43% tannins. The derivative content of catechins is EGCG with 7.37%. FTIR analysis showed functional groups of O-H, C-H, N-H, C=O, C=C, and C-O. Conclusion: Pharmacognostic and phytochemicals features established in this study may be used as part of the pharmacopoeial standard which can play an important role in its standardization.

Background: White tea is a kind of tea which manufactured with minimal processing only drying without fermentation process. White tea prepared from very young tea leaves or buds of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Theaceae, covered with tiny, silvery hairs, and dried immediately after picking to prevent oxidation and commonly used as a beverage and herbal medicine. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the safety of the white tea leaf ethanolic extract (WTE) with acute toxicity tests. Methods: The acute oral toxicity of WTE performed at dose 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/Kg BW of Deutschland, Denken, and Yoken (DDY) mice. The animals observation for any mortality, behavioral, body weight and feed-water consumption pattern during the 14-day study. The liver, kidney, and heart isolation performed on day-15 to observe macroscopic and relative organ weight (ROW). Results: No treatment-related toxic symptom or mortality observed for the first 4 hours and 24 hours after oral administration of WTE at a dose of 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg BW. All the groups of mice did not show the significant changes in behavior, breathing, and motoric activity. Conclusions: This studies showed that the oral LD 50 of WTE was greater than 5000 mg/kg BW and suggests that the WTE is practically non-toxic in a single dose of level 5000 mg/kg BW. important to determine the potential acute toxicity of herbal medicines through LD 50 value and the spectrum of toxic effects. The potential acute toxicity of herbal medicine can be used to assess the limits of safety or therapeutic index (LD 50 / ED 50 ). The efficacy and toxicity of tea leave assumed from their very long history of consumption in the world and their main functional ingredients studies, 7 but a systematic evaluation of the toxicity of white tea has been lacking. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the safety of the white tea leaf ethanolic extract (WTE) with acute toxicity tests in Deutschland, Denken, and Yoken (DDY) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material and ExtractionThe white tea obtained from the Tea Plantation and Quinine Research Center in Gamboeng, West Java, Indonesia. White tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) sorted and collected then dried under sunlight. Furthermore, the tea leaves withered with a dryer. The white tea leaves powder made by grinding dried white tea leaves by using a grinder. Extraction method conducted by reflux with ethanol 70% at 60 o C for 3 hours, then re-reflux for two times and evaporated using evaporator. Animal Test Statistical AnalysisStatistical analysis determined as mean value ± standard deviation (SD). The data with normal distribution analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons using Bonferroni test. However, abnormal distribution analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test. Probability level of less than 5% (p < 0.05) was considered significant. RESULTSNo treatment-related toxic symptom or mortality observed for the first 4 h and 24 h after oral administration of WTE at a dose of 1250, 2500, and...

Background: Garcinia daedalanthera is an Indonesian plant where commonly found in Sulawesi, Indonesia and spread out in the forest. Garcinia daedalanthera is one of Clusiaceae family that have been scientifically proven to provideantidiabetic and antioxidant activity but never been examined in pharmacognosy parameters. Pharmacognostical parameters of the leaves were studied with the aim of drawing the pharmacopoeial standards for this species. Methods: The present study was aimed to analysis the pharmacognosy of Garcinia daedalanthera including leaf morphology, microscopic characteristics, physicochemical parameters, phytochemical study, contaminant analysis and FTIR spectrum analysis. Results: The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannin, steroids and phenols.The moisture content was 2.35%, total ash 2.51%, acid insoluble ash 0.05%, total flavonoid and phenolic content were found to be 3.121% and 14.36% (w/w). The level of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were found under the limit (0.357 ppm) and the extract of

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