Preliminary analysis to BIIR recovery using the microwave process

Devulcanization of styrene butadiene rubber by microwave energy: Effect of the presence of ionic liquid

“…Bani et al [11] also performed similar studies and observed that the microwave devulcanization process was effective only beyond the heating temperature of 300°C. Landini et al [12] used a microwave technique to devulcanize bromobutyle (BIIR), and optimal power and time of treatment were identified as factors leading to the highest devulcanization proportion. Similarly, Scagliusi et al [13] devulcanized chloroprene rubber, followed by re-vulcanization.…”

The Role of Carbon Black on Devulcanization of Natural Rubber by Microwaves

“…Devulcanization is a way of providing energy to destroy, total or partially, the three-dimensional network formed during vulcanization 4 . The known methods that use different ways to promote the devulcanization of rubber include thermomechanical, thermo-chemical and mechano-chemical [5][6][7][8][9] , physical (by microwaves 3,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and ultrasound [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] ) and biochemical [30][31][32][33] . All of them involve complex transformations that lead to depolymerization, oxidation, and in many cases, the degradation of polymeric chains of rubber, with the consequent reduction on its viscosity 34 .…”

Processing and characterization of microwave and ultrasonically treated waste-EPDM/LDPE polymer composites

“…Molecules having polarity are rapidly responded to microwave exposure. Due to the interaction of materials with microwave, the available kinetic energy causes production of frictional heat that is found enough to break the crosslink bonds around the polar particles . Through this principle, vulcanizated or crosslinked rubber‐containing polar fillers such as carbon black and silica can be devulcanized by using microwave treatment.…”

“…However, more effect is observed if the material involved has a greater dielectric constant at a specific microwave frequency and power. There are few studies on the microwave‐assisted devulcanization of ground SBR scraps , bromobutyl rubber , and tire rubber .…”