2014
DOI: 10.1002/oby.20801
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Preliminary evidence of cognitive and brain abnormalities in uncomplicated adolescent obesity

Abstract: Objective We ascertain whether pediatric obesity without clinically-significant insulin resistance (IR) impacts brain structure and function. Design and Methods Thirty obese and 30 matched lean adolescents, all without clinically-significant IR or a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS), received comprehensive endocrine, neuropsychological, and MRI evaluations. Results Relative to lean adolescents, obese non-IR adolescents had significantly lower academic achievement (i.e. arithmetic and spelling) and ten… Show more

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Cited by 122 publications
(154 citation statements)
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References 35 publications
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“…Gray matter cortical volumes were calculated using Freesurfer image analysis software, version 5.1 (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/) from MPRAGE sequences (Yau et al, 2014). Motion correction, skull stripping, Talairach transforms, atlas registration, spherical surface maps and parcellations were performed automatically using a within-subject template (Reuter et al, 2012).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Gray matter cortical volumes were calculated using Freesurfer image analysis software, version 5.1 (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/) from MPRAGE sequences (Yau et al, 2014). Motion correction, skull stripping, Talairach transforms, atlas registration, spherical surface maps and parcellations were performed automatically using a within-subject template (Reuter et al, 2012).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…17 In youth, BMI is most consistently associated with reduced grey matter volume in the frontal lobe (FL), specifically in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). [17][18][19][20][21][22] There is also evidence of reduced volume of medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures, such as the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus in overweight and obese adolescents. 23 The FL regions are of particular relevance to BD because they are associated with higher-level cognitive processes, such as executive functioning, decisionmaking and inhibitory control, and are also known to modulate emotion processing.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Given that aerobic exercise can attenuate volume loss over time, it may be an effective strategy for reversing the significant brain volume deficits in obese individuals (10,16). While gross brain volume reductions have been observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome, more sensitive measures, such as cortical thickness, may be necessary to detect the impact of more subtle forms of metabolic disease on the brain in adolescents (18). …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We recently described brain abnormalities in adolescents with uncomplicated obesity and found reduced brain structural integrity in the OFC and ACC cortices (18). Insulin sensitivity and fitness are linked, thus, we wanted to contrast how a simple measure of fitness would explain brain structure and function relative to measures of insulin sensitivity and abdominal obesity, which are associated to brain integrity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%