Preliminary investigation on development of functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide with solid lubricant via ball milling and spark plasma sintering

Abstract

Functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide belongs to a hybrid Functionally Graded Materials family. However synthesis of functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide is a great challenge due to possibility of “Co migration” and CaF2 vaporization during liquid phase sintering. Hence the present work deals with the development of nanocrystalline materials using ball milling and consolidation of milled material by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) for the preparation of functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide. The effects of ball milling and contents of Co, CaF2 and WC on WC/Co/CaF2 powder mixture were analyzed. Grain morphology, particle size, micro-strain, crystallite size, etc. of milled samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction techniques. In addition to that, density, microstructure, hardness, fracture toughness and residual stress of consolidated sample are also reported. These tests confirm the formation of nanocrystalline particles and sub-sequent consolidation of functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide with solid lubricant. Hence ball milling with SPS is a prominent and viable process combination for the preparation of functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide.

Functionally graded materials classifications and development trends from industrial point of view

“…"Thin FGMs" are manufactured by different methods like physical vapor deposition (PVD) [109], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [130,131], thermal spray deposition [132] and self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) techniques like laser cladding ( Fig. 8) [133][134][135], while "Bulk FGMs" are manufactured by powder metallurgy [136,137], centrifugal casting [138,139], solid freeform techniques [140], gravity settling. Thin FGMs ranges between 5 nm and 500 nm [141,142] and may be extended to the micro-meter range (e.g.…”

Influence of Diamond Grain Size on the Basic Properties of WC-Co/Diamond Composites Used in Tools for Wood-Based Materials Machining

“…Due to the development of the furniture industry, the demand for new tool materials has increased in recent years, providing increasingly higher machining parameters and improved performance. The researchers’ works are focused mainly on improving the cutting and strength properties of WC-Co carbides, by: hard coating, ion implantation or development of new composite materials based on WC-Co [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Despite all efforts of materials engineering, the “ideal tool material” has not yet been developed.…”

Bending Properties of a Functionally Graded Polymeric Composite Reinforced With a Hybrid Nanomaterial

“…The gradation of mechanical properties provides the methods of optimizing the structure and performing a high performance and material efficiency. Simultaneously, such optimization can cause many mechanical difficulties, comprising the effective properties valuation and crack propagation behavior in the last structure (Saleh et al (2020) and Parihar et al 2017). Brijesh et al (2019, prepared graded and homogenous glass fiber and marble dust strengthened vinyl-ester composite materials and investigated their effect on the mechanical properties and resistance to wear performance.…”