Preliminary Investigations of Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment of Selected Ornamental Fishes and Efficacy against External Bacteria and Parasites in Green Swordtails

Abstract

The objectives of these preliminary studies were to evaluate the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for the treatment of selected species of ornamental fishes and its efficacy in treating external bacteria and parasites. In the first part of the study, fish of five species (serpae tetra Hyphessobrycon eques (also known as Serpa tetra H. serpae), tiger barb Puntius tetrazona, blue gourami Trichogaster trichopterus, suckermouth catfish Hypostomus plecostomus, and green swordtail Xiphophorus hellerii) were exposed to H2O2 for 1 h at concentrations between 6 and 34 mg/L or for 24 h at concentrations between 1 and 6 mg/L. The results were species specific: green swordtails tolerated all of the treatments, serpae tetras and tiger barbs were sensitive only to the highest concentration, and mortalities of suckermouth catfish and blue gourami were recorded in every treatment. In the second part of the study, clinically healthy green swordtails and fish infested with external motile rod-shaped bacteria (i.e., Ichthyobodo spp., Trichodina spp., and Gyrodactylus spp.) were treated with several concentrations of H2O2. A single H2O2 treatment of 3.1 mg/L or more for 1 h effectively eliminated external bacteria, concentrations of 6.5 mg/L or more appeared to effectively kill Ichthyobodo spp., and none of the treatments tested was effective against Trichodina spp. or Gyrodactylus spp. These preliminary findings suggest that H2O2 is effective for treating certain external bacterial infections and flagellate infestations in some species of ornamental fish at the dosages tested. Other treatment regimens may need to be tested for effectiveness against Trichodina spp. and Dactylogyrus spp.

Protective effects of ectoine on behavioral, physiological and biochemical parameters of Daphnia magna subjected to hydrogen peroxide

“…It is degraded to water and oxygen by processes of chemical reduction and enzymatic decomposition by algae, zooplankton and heterotrophic bacteria (Cooper et al, 1988;Russo et al, 2007). Higher amounts of this oxidant may be introduced to the aquatic environment in order to eliminate toxic cyanobacteria in eutrophic water reservoirs and wastewater stabilization ponds or for treatment of fungal or bacterial diseases in aquaculture (Kay et al, 1982;Meinertz et al, 2008;Reichwaldt et al, 2012;Burson et al, 2014).…”

“…Since biochemical parameters may be altered more rapidly than physiological parameters in live daphnids, they were measured in all the groups at 6 and 24 h. The untreated daphnids placed in clean medium only served as a control group. All the experimental solutions were renewed every 24 h to avoid hydrogen peroxide degradation (Russo et al, 2007).…”

“…It is used mostly for water disinfection in households and aquaculture (Taylor and Ross, 1988;Avendaño-Herrera et al, 2006;Russo et al, 2007) and its high toxicity to various organisms has been documented in numerous studies (Watt et al, 2004). The mechanism of toxic action of hydrogen peroxide is associated with induction of oxidative stress since it is more active than molecular oxygen (Watt et al, 2004;Lushchak, 2011).…”

Effect of chemotherapy, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immunity of goldfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

“…Chemicals. The chemical treatments were a daily bath in 200 ppm of formalin (Marine Depot) (Jung et al 2003) or 200 ppm of hydrogen peroxide (Russo et al 2007) in a daily bath or dip treatment for 10 min after challenge with live Aeromonas hydrophila.…”

Immune enhancement of chemotherapeutants on lymphocystis disease virus (LDV) infected Paralichthys olivaceus

“…The chemical bath treatments with 50, 100, and 200 ppm of formalin (Marine Depot) [1] or 50, 100, and 200 ppm of hydrogen peroxide [21] or 50, 100, and 200 ppm of Jenoclean [2] daily bath treatment for 10 min.…”