Preliminary Observations on the Fate of Intravenously Administered Lactose Labelled with Carbon-14

Carleton, Frederick J.; Roberts, Henry R.

doi:10.1038/1841650a0

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The increase in one of the secreted components, lactose, is associated with an increase in the concentration of prolactin in the blood 20 . Because the secretion is not removed by suckling, the components are reabsorbed into the bloodstream 21 . Lactose is not metabolized in the blood and is cleared in the urine 22 .…”

Section: Lactogenesis Imentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

How Breastfeeding Works

Kent

2007

J Midwife Womens Health

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human milk is a complex secretion that is the sole ideal food for babies for at least the first 6 months of life. The amount and composition of the milk is largely independent of the mother's diet. The composition of the milk changes during lactogenesis II, and these changes can be used as biochemical markers of the onset of copious milk secretion. After 1 month of lactation, there are few further changes in the composition of milk until the volume of milk decreases substantially as the baby weans completely. The amount of milk produced depends on the amount of milk removed from the breast. Successful, exclusively breastfeeding babies show a three-fold variation in the amount of milk they take per day, and in the frequency of breastfeeds and amount of milk consumed during each breastfeed. The fat intake of the baby is independent of the feeding frequency. If a baby is growing normally, the mother can be confident that her baby does not need to follow prescribed breastfeeding regimes. She should respond to her baby's cues for the frequency of breastfeeds, and whether the baby requires one or both breasts for a meal. Continuing research into the physiology of breastfeeding provides a foundation for evidence-based treatment of breastfeeding difficulties.

show abstract

Section: Lactogenesis Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Because the secretion is not removed by suckling, the components are reabsorbed into the bloodstream. 21 Lactose is not metabolized in the blood and is cleared in the urine. 22 Urinary lactose can therefore be used as an indicator of lactose synthesis in the breast during pregnancy and can confirm that lactogenesis I has occurred.…”

Section: Lactogenesis Imentioning

confidence: 99%

How Breastfeeding Works

Kent

2007

J Midwife Womens Health

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While the small amount of lactose detected in the urine before conception and throughout the first trimester is likely to have come from dietary sources, the absorption of lactose from the intestine is reduced during pregnancy (Watkins, 1928). The principal site of lactose synthesis in the body is the breast (Arthur et al 1991), but during pregnancy there is little breast secretion, so any lactose that is synthesized must be excreted in the urine (Carleton & Roberts, 1959). Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the rate of lactose excretion in the urine is an index of the synthetic activity within the breast during pregnancy (Arthur et al 1991).…”

Section: Mammary Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast growth and the urinary excretion of lactose during human pregnancy and early lactation: endocrine relationships

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Breast volume and morphology of eight subjects were measured before conception and at intervals throughout pregnancy until 1 month of lactation. Breast volume before conception ranged from 293 to 964 ml. At the end of pregnancy the volume of breast tissue had increased by 145+/-19 ml (mean+/-S.E.M., n = 13 breasts, range 12-227 ml) with a further increase to 211+/-16 ml (n = 12 breasts, range 129-320 ml) by 1 month of lactation. Urinary excretion of lactose increased at 22 weeks of pregnancy, signalling the capacity of the breast to synthesize lactose at this time. During pregnancy, both the change in breast volume and the change in cross-sectional area of the areola were related to the concentration of human placental lactogen in the plasma. The growth of the nipple and the rate of excretion of lactose were related to the concentration of prolactin in the plasma. During the first 3 days after birth, the rate of excretion of lactose was related to the rate of excretion of progesterone. There was no relationship between the growth of the breast during pregnancy and the amount of milk produced at 1 month of lactation.

show abstract

“…The principal site of lactose synthesis in the body is the breast (Arthur et al 1991), but during pregnancy there is little breast secretion, so any lactose that is synthesized must be excreted in the urine (Carleton & Roberts, 1959). Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the rate of lactose excretion in the urine is an index of the synthetic activity within the breast during pregnancy (Arthur et al 1991).…”

Section: Mammary Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Growth and the Urinary Excretion of Lactose During Human Pregnancy and Early Lactation: Endocrine Relationships

Cox

Kent

Casey

et al. 1999

Experimental Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

summaryBreast volume and morphology of eight subjects were measured before conception and at intervals throughout pregnancy until 1 month of lactation. Breast volume before conception ranged from 293 to 964 ml. At the end of pregnancy the volume of breast tissue had increased by 145 ± 19 ml (mean ± s.e.m., n = 13 breasts, range 12-227 ml) with a further increase to 211 ± 16 ml (n = 12 breasts, range 129-320 ml) by 1 month of lactation. Urinary excretion of lactose increased at 22 weeks of pregnancy, signalling the capacity of the breast to synthesize lactose at this time. During pregnancy, both the change in breast volume and the change in cross-sectional area of the areola were related to the concentration of human placental lactogen in the plasma. The growth of the nipple and the rate of excretion of lactose were related to the concentration of prolactin in the plasma. During the first 3 days after birth, the rate of excretion of lactose was related to the rate of excretion of progesterone. There was no relationship between the growth of the breast during pregnancy and the amount of milk produced at 1 month of lactation.

show abstract

Preliminary Observations on the Fate of Intravenously Administered Lactose Labelled with Carbon-14

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

How Breastfeeding Works

How Breastfeeding Works

Breast growth and the urinary excretion of lactose during human pregnancy and early lactation: endocrine relationships

Breast Growth and the Urinary Excretion of Lactose During Human Pregnancy and Early Lactation: Endocrine Relationships

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About