Preliminary report: Brain blood flow using PET in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and substance-abuse histories

Semple, William E.; Goyer, Peter F.; McCormick, Richard A.; Morris, Evan D.; Compton, Beth Ann; Muswick, Gary; Nelson, Daniel S.; Donovan, Beverly; Leisure, Gregory P.; Berridge, Marc S.; Miraldi, Floro; Schulz, S. Charles

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90264-e

Cited by 55 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…These tasks are usually designed so that they change neural activities in regions hypothesized to be dysfunctional in PTSD. Such tasks include emotional recall tasks [Pavic et al, 2003], memory recall tasks [Shin et al, 2004b], memory encoding tasks [Bremner et al, 2003b], the counting Stroop task [Shin et al, 2001], the emotional Stroop task [Bremner et al, 2004], and the auditory continuous performance task [ACPT; Semple et al, 1993Semple et al, , 1996Semple et al, , 2000. Each of these methods measure variables of how well a subject performs a task and what actual neural activity is involved during these tasks.…”

Section: Functional Neuroimaging Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One task applied to PET functional imaging techniques in PTSD is the auditory continuous performance task (ACPT) by Semple. In a study in which they used this paradigm, Semple et al [1993] found a significantly increased blood flow in the OFC and a reduced left/right hippocampal perfusion ratio in the PTSD group. In a similar study by the same authors, reductions in rCBF were found in the parietal cortex.…”

Section: Active Task Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional neuroimaging studies in posttraumatic stress disorder: review of current methods and findings

2007

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder associated with changes in neural circuitry involving frontal and limbic systems. Altered metabolism in these brain structures after a traumatic event is correlated to PTSD. Developments in the field of neuroimaging have allowed researchers to look at the structural and functional properties of the brain in PTSD. Despite the relative novelty of functional imaging and its application to the field of PTSD, numerous publications have brought to light several of the circuits implied in this disorder. This article summarizes the findings with regard to PTSD in the functional imaging techniques of singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Furthermore, we discuss strengths and weaknesses of the various techniques and studies. Finally, we explore the future potential of functional neuroimaging studies in PTSD.

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Section: Functional Neuroimaging Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Active Task Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional neuroimaging studies in posttraumatic stress disorder: review of current methods and findings

2007

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“…Recently, Kennedy et al (35) showed that after successful antidepressant treatment with paroxetine, patients with major depression showed decreased hippocampal glucose metabolism, suggesting overactivity within this region in depression. Functional imaging studies in patients with anxiety disorders consistently show altered metabolism and blood flow in the hippocampus (18,19). The results of our current study suggest that altered hippocampal function in anxiety and affective disorders could be caused by overactivity within CRF neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Patients with unipolar depression have increased blood flow in the amygdala (14), and both bipolar and unipolar depressed patients show increased glucose metabolism in the amygdala (15). Depressed or anxious patients also show decreased hippocampal volume (16,17), and patients with anxiety disorders consistently show altered blood flow and metabolism in the hippocampus (18,19).Along with the biochemical, structural, and metabolic changes in depression and anxiety come the more obvious phenotypic changes. Ultimately, classification of these types of disorders is based on how they present in the clinic, that is, the behavior of these patients based on observation and self-report.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intracerebroventricular corticotropin-releasing factor increases limbic glucose metabolism and has social context-dependent behavioral effects in nonhuman primates

Strome

Wheler

Higley

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a neuropeptide involved in integrating the behavioral, autonomic, and hormonal responses to stress within the central nervous system. Patients suffering from depression have abnormal activity in stress responsive brain regions and elevated cerebrospinal fluid CRF. The DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder include behavioral changes such as depressed mood, anhedonia, and psychomotor agitation͞retarda-tion. We studied the effects of 434 g of CRF given intracerebroventricularly over 40 min in group and individually housed monkeys to examine the role of elevated levels of central CRF on behavior. CRF elicited a wide range of behaviors, which fell into three broad categories: anxiety-like, depressive-like, and externally oriented. Externally oriented behaviors decreased, and anxiety-like behaviors increased regardless of how the animals were housed. Interestingly, increased depressive-like behaviors were only observed when the animals were socially housed. In a separate experiment, we examined the effects of the same dose of CRF on the regional cerebral glucose metabolism of lightly anesthetized monkeys by using positron emission tomography and [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose. CRF infusion increased glucose metabolism in the pituitary͞infundibulum, the amygdala, and hippocampus. These results indicate that increased central CRF tone affects primate behavior in a context-dependent manner, and that it activates limbic and stress-responsive regions. The fact that intracerebroventricular CRF increases depressive-like behavior in socially housed animals and increases activity in limbic brain regions may help explain the behavioral and metabolic alterations in humans with affective disorders, and this model could therefore have significant value in the development of novel antidepressant treatments. C orticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is a 41-aa peptide (1) that plays an important role in the mammalian stress response by integrating the behavioral, autonomic, and hormonal responses. CRF and its receptors are widely distributed throughout the brain, but are especially dense in the hypothalamus, where CRF plays a neuroendocrine role, and in extrahypothalamic regions such as the amygdala, the cerebral cortex, and brainstem autonomic nuclei (2, 3), regions implicated in mood and anxiety disorders.In rodents, intracerebroventricular (ICV) CRF causes physiological and behavioral changes similar to those observed in humans undergoing stress (4, 5). However, the behavior elicited by CRF in rodents is different depending on the context and the dose given. For example, Sutton et al. (5) showed that CRF has ''activating'' effects in familiar environments, but is anxiogenic in novel environments. In monkeys, ICV CRF also elicits distinct behavioral changes if the animals are tested when restrained compared with when freely moving (6).For these reasons, attention has focused on the role of CRF in psychiatric disorders related to increased stress or anxiety. Increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF...

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“…The lack of coupling of the amygdala and AC in the PTSD subjects may account for the disruption of spatio-temporal activity observed in this disorder. Another body of research has examined the processing of non-trauma-related stimuli in PTSD (Semple et al, 1993;Weber et al, 2005). This line of research is of particular interest for two reasons.…”

Section: Neuroimaging Studies Of Sufferers Of Traumatic Memoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD, Neuroimaging and Psychotherapy: A Fruitful Encounter

Peres¹

2011

Neuroimaging for Clinicians - Combining Research and Practice

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Preliminary report: Brain blood flow using PET in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and substance-abuse histories

Cited by 55 publications

References 8 publications

Functional neuroimaging studies in posttraumatic stress disorder: review of current methods and findings

Functional neuroimaging studies in posttraumatic stress disorder: review of current methods and findings

Intracerebroventricular corticotropin-releasing factor increases limbic glucose metabolism and has social context-dependent behavioral effects in nonhuman primates

PTSD, Neuroimaging and Psychotherapy: A Fruitful Encounter

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