Preliminary report on Herod's mausoleum and theatre with a royal box at Herodium

Netzer, Ehud; Kalman, Yakov; Porath, R.; Chachy-Laureys, R.

doi:10.1017/s1047759400002312

Cited by 23 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Herod the Great was known as the greatest builder in ancient Jewish history and was responsible for several colossal building programs throughout his kingdom. Archaeological excavations have revealed the existence of gardens within and around Herod's palaces and monumental buildings in Caesarea, Jericho, Machaerus, and Herodium (Figure 1;Netzer 1981Netzer , 2001Netzer , 2008Gleason 1993Gleason , 2014Gleason et al 1998;Evyasaf 2010;Netzer et al 2010;Gleason & Bar-Nathan 2013). Several archaeobotanical studies have been performed at Herodian sites (Liphschitz & Lev-Yadun 1989;Weinstein-Evron et al 1989;Giorgi 1999;Liphschitz 2007;Lev-Yadun et al 2010;Ramsay 2010), yet none of these were directly linked to the gardens, or aimed to reconstruct the composition of the gardens' vegetation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen analysis as evidence for Herods Royal Garden at the Promontory Palace, Caesarea

Langgut¹,

Gleason

Burrell

2015

Israel J Plant Sci

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This study is the first to successfully address the identification of the botanical components of a garden in the 2000-year-old palatial courtyard of Herod the Great's Promontory Palace in Caesarea Maritima. Based on the extraction and identification of fossil pollen grains, we were able to reconstruct at least part of the garden's flora, which, we argue, could only have grown within the confines of a garden of this splendid seaside palace which was protected architecturally from salty sea spray. The palynological spectrum included, among other taxa, high percentages of Cupressaceae pollen (cypress) as well as pollen of the non-local tree Corylus sp. (hazelnut), which was most probably introduced as an ornamental from the northeast Mediterranean or from Italy. These trees appear to have been accompanied by other ornamental plants (e.g. Salvia and various Rosaceae plants). The choice of flora to be planted in the garden is consistent with our knowledge of prestige Roman gardens dated to Herod's time. This exceptional and magnificent palace, with its luxurious architectural features and its impressive, well-maintained garden, symbolized the power and the abilities of King Herod, the greatest builder in ancient Jewish history.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen analysis as evidence for Herods Royal Garden at the Promontory Palace, Caesarea

Langgut¹,

Gleason

Burrell

2015

Israel J Plant Sci

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“…2). The wall paintings were not made by a common fresco but in secco, painting with a binder on a dry surface, rather than on a wet surface (Netzer et al, 2010).…”

Section: Description Of the Royal Box And Its Decorationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proposed Multimodal Convolutional Neural Networks (Cnns) Soluble Salts Mapping System of the Subsurface: The Case of the Wall Painting at the Royal Box at Herodium, Israel

Ovadia

Brook

2021

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. In 2008, excavations at Herodium revealed magnificent secco wall paintings and stucco decorations adorning the central chamber at the top of the royal theatre. The wall paintings, dated to the first century B.C.E., have been preserved up to a height of 6 meters. However, shortly after the discovery, salts weathering and structural faults caused severe damages to the decorations. The conservation process to restore the wall paintings lasted almost a decade. These efforts helped stabilize the state of wall painting, but in a very fragile manner, while the deterioration factors are still present, any slight change in the condition of the enclosure, could damage the paintings. This study is aimed at assisting the conservators in developing a tool that will offer a glance to the hidden threats at the subsurface, and by that help protect historic monuments from salt weathering. This paper will describe an innovative methodology with particular emphasis on novel multimodal convolutional neural networks (CNNs) technologies to process data of non-destructive testing (NDT) for detection and mapping soluble salts at the subsurface of ancient wall paintings. Prior to preforming the system protocol in situ, a laboratory simulation was carried out to study thermochemical behaviour of soluble salts, chlorides and sulphates, within different subsets. The preliminary results of the simulation will be presented in this paper.

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Layered pigments and painting technology of the Roman wall paintings of Caesarea Maritima

Linn

2017

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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Preliminary report on Herod's mausoleum and theatre with a royal box at Herodium

Cited by 23 publications

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Pollen analysis as evidence for Herods Royal Garden at the Promontory Palace, Caesarea

Pollen analysis as evidence for Herods Royal Garden at the Promontory Palace, Caesarea

A Proposed Multimodal Convolutional Neural Networks (Cnns) Soluble Salts Mapping System of the Subsurface: The Case of the Wall Painting at the Royal Box at Herodium, Israel

Layered pigments and painting technology of the Roman wall paintings of Caesarea Maritima

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Preliminary report on Herod's mausoleum and theatre with a royal box at Herodium

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Pollen analysis as evidence for Herods Royal Garden at the Promontory Palace, Caesarea

Pollen analysis as evidence for Herods Royal Garden at the Promontory Palace, Caesarea

A Proposed Multimodal Convolutional Neural Networks (Cnns) Soluble Salts Mapping System of the Subsurface: The Case of the Wall Painting at the Royal Box at Herodium, Israel

Layered pigments and painting technology of the Roman wall paintings of Caesarea Maritima

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Pollen analysis as evidence for Herods Royal Garden at the Promontory Palace, Caesarea

Pollen analysis as evidence for Herods Royal Garden at the Promontory Palace, Caesarea