Preliminary Report on Temperature Measurement by Sonic Means

Barrett, Earl W.; Suomi, V. E.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1949)006<0273:protmb>2.0.co;2

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The sonic anemometer has been extensively applied in previous field experiments to measure turbulent fluxes owing to its advantages of ultrasonic signal (Kaimal and Businger, 1963;Kaimal et al, 1990;Friebel et al, 2009;Kochendorfer et al, 2012;Frank et al, 2013). Barret and Suomi (1949) designed a pioneer sonic anemometer and described its principle that the transit time of sound pulses in air is computed to derive values related to wind and temperature. Corby (1950) and Schotland (1955) designed the anemometers that employ an acoustic source and four receivers all in one plane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of precipitation on sonic anemometer measurements of turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer

Zhang

Huang²,

Wang

et al. 2016

J. Ocean Univ. China

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Effects caused by precipitation on the measurements of three-dimensional sonic anemometer are analyzed based on a field observational experiment conducted in Maoming, Guangdong Province, China. Obvious fluctuations induced by precipitation are observed for the outputs of sonic anemometer-derived temperature and wind velocity components. A technique of turbulence spectra and cospectra normalized in the framework of similarity theory is utilized to validate the measured variables and calculated fluxes. It is found that the sensitivity of sonic anemometer-derived temperature to precipitation is significant, compared with that of the wind velocity components. The spectra of wind velocity and cospectra of momentum flux resemble the standard universal shape with the slopes of the spectra and cospectra at the inertial subrange, following the −2/3 and −4/3 power law, respectively, even under the condition of heavy rain. Contaminated by precipitation, however, the spectra of temperature and cospectra of sensible heat flux do not exhibit a universal shape and have obvious frequency loss at the inertial subrange. From the physical structure and working principle of sonic anemometer, a possible explanation is proposed to describe this difference, which is found to be related to the variations of precipitation particles. Corrections for errors of sonic anemometer-derived temperature under precipitation is needed, which is still under exploration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of precipitation on sonic anemometer measurements of turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer

Zhang

Huang²,

Wang

et al. 2016

J. Ocean Univ. China

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“…This assumption is not a practical limitation to the present investigation. However, the use of the perfect gas assumption is subject to certain limitations as pointed out by Barrett and Suomi (1949) 37 and Cramer (1993),38 such as the assumption that the incremental pressure due to the sound wave is very small compared to the static pressure of the medium; the frequencies are low so that y is independent of frequency. This report examines signals at the 130° microphone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core Noise Diagnostics of Turbofan Engine Noise Using Correlation and Coherence Functions

Miles

2009

47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition

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“…Though thermistors and thermocouples can be used for this purpose, they suffer from slow response times (especially at low air pressures) and are prone to spurious heat flow from incident sunlight and from their housings and supporting structures. Conversely, sonic anemometers can provide high-frequency air-temperature measurements that are far less contaminated by these effects and that are synchronized with the measurements of wind velocity (Barrett and Suomi, 1949). This allows them to be used to detect even small-scale fluctuations in temperature and to explore how they correlate with fluctuations in the velocity field (see, e.g., Larsen et al, 1993).…”

Section: Comparison To Hot-wire Anemometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of and first observations from the TILDAE High-Altitude Balloon Mission

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Though the presence of intermittent turbulence in the stratosphere has been well established, much remains unknown about it. In situ observations of this phenomenon, which have provided the greatest details of it, have mostly been achieved via sounding balloons (i.e., small balloons which burst at peak altitude) carrying constanttemperature "hot-wire" anemometers (CTAs). The Turbulence and Intermittency Long-Duration Atmospheric Experiment (TILDAE) was developed to test a new paradigm for stratospheric observations. Rather than flying on a sounding balloon, TILDAE was incorporated as an "add-on" experiment to the payload of a NASA long-duration balloon mission that launched in January 2016 from McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Furthermore, TILDAE's key instrument was a sonic anemometer, which (relative to a CTA) provides bettercalibrated measurements of wind velocity and a more robust separation of velocity components. During the balloon's ascent, TILDAE's sonic anemometer provided atmospheric measurements up to an altitude of about 18 km, beyond which the ambient air pressure was too low for the instrument to function properly. Efforts are currently underway to scientifically analyze these observations of small-scale fluctuations in the troposphere, tropopause, and stratosphere and to develop strategies for increasing the maximum operating altitude of the sonic anemometer.

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Preliminary Report on Temperature Measurement by Sonic Means

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of precipitation on sonic anemometer measurements of turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer

Effects of precipitation on sonic anemometer measurements of turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer

Core Noise Diagnostics of Turbofan Engine Noise Using Correlation and Coherence Functions

Overview of and first observations from the TILDAE High-Altitude Balloon Mission

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