Preliminary Research: Description of Lip Print Patterns in Children and Their Parents among Deutero-Malay Population in Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction. Human identification is vital not only in legal medicine but also in criminal inquiries and identification. Cheiloscopy is the study of lip prints which are unique, individual, and heritable that is used for personal identification purposes in forensic odontology. Objective. The aim of this study is to identify the possibility of the child to inherit the lip print patterns from their parents and also to describe the lip print patterns in children and their parents among the Deutero-Malay population. Method. The descriptive research used lip samples of 90 individuals including father, mother, and a child who are biologically related and their age ranges from 12 to 60 years old. The samples chosen are from the Deutero-Malay ethnic in Indonesia at least for the past two generation who obeys all the exclusion criteria of this research. Purposive nonrandom sampling method was used to collect samples by photography technique using a digital camera, and the data obtained were then analysed using Adobe Photoshop CS3 software. Grooves and wrinkles of primary quadrants one, three, six, and seven of lips were studied according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification in 1971. Result. In the present study, it is found that Type I′ (30.28%) is the most dominant lip print pattern and Type I (1.39%) is the least dominant among the Deutero-Malay population. Besides, this study has shown that the similarity of lip print pattern between mother and the child (57.89%) is greater compared to the father and the child (42.22%). Conclusion. Based on this, we can conclude that lip print can be inherited and dissimilar for every population of race; likewise, the Deutero-Malay population has the Type I′ as the most dominant lip print pattern.

A Queiloscopia como técnica de identificação humana: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura

“…Dentre os aspectos da unicidade, as impressões labiais são diferentes entre si, assim como diferentes entre os indivíduos, mesmo que estes sejam gêmeos (Suzuki & Tsuchiahashi, 1971;Molano et al 2002;Barros, 2006;Caldas et al, 2007;Sharma et al, 2009;El Domiaty et al, 2010;Costa & Caldas, 2012;Karki, 2012;Kumar et al, 2012;Oliveira et al, 2012;Padmavath et al, 2013;Ragab et al, 2013;Eldomiaty et al, 2014;Nagalaxmi et al, 2014;Hernández et al, 2015;Lima et al, 2016;Maloth et al, 2016;Moshfeghi et al, 2016;Saxena, et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2017;Jain, Poojitha & Bhatia, 2018;Loganadan et al, 2019). É considerada imutável, pois pode ser observada que há reparação da forma original dos lábios após uma lesão (Prabhu, Dinkar, Prabhu & Rao, 2012).…”

“…Não há como negar que a genética é de suma importância dentro de investigações policiais e é margeando por essa área que Augustine et al (2008) concluíram, analisando 52 famílias, que em 63% das impressões labiais dos filhos é possível encontrar semelhanças às dos pais. Também é possível encontrar no estudo de Loganadan et al (2019) tal relação com a hereditariedade, o mesmo analisou 30 famílias e identificou que havia uma maior semelhança entre os padrões de impressão labial de mãe e filho do que em pai e filho. Apesar dos autores citados anteriormente terem utilizado classificações de padrões labiais diferentes, ambos concluem que a queiloscopia pode ser relacionada à características hereditárias.…”

“…Outra variável que diferiu substancialmente entre os estudos foram os sistemas utilizados para a classificação das impressões labiais, nos quais 18 artigos seguiram Suzuki e Tsuchihashi (1970) (Barros, 2006;Augustine et al, 2008;Sharma et al, 2009;Kumar et al, 2012;Costa & Caldas, 2012;Karki, 2012;Oliveira et al, 2012;Padmavathi et al, 2013;Nagalaxmi et al, 2014;Hernández et al, 2015;Lima et al, 2016;Moshfeghi et al, 2016;Saxena et al, 2016;Kumar, Kumar, Alam & Singh, 2017;Alzapur, Nagothu & Nalluri, 2017;Chaudhari, Sahay, Kawanpure, Mugadlimath & Sane, 2017;Loganadan et al, 2019), 2 Renaud (1973) (El Domiaty et al, 2010;Ragab et al, 2013;Eldomiaty et al, 2013), 1 Chandrashekaran (2012) (Maloth, Dorankula & Pasuula, 2016) e um não utilizou nenhuma das classificações queiloscópicas, como Jain et al (2018), que atribuiu valores numéricos a partir de pixels das impressões labiais fotografadas. As análises estatísticas realizadas nos estudos para definir o padrão dos sulcos labiais e a sua unicidade envolveram testes T, frequência, teste Z, coeficiente Kappa, Teste Qui-Quadrado, Teste exato de Fisher, Teste do Quadrado de Pearson Chi, correlação de Spearman, Teste U de Mann-Whithey, 5 estudos utilizaram estatística descritiva.…”

Dental Radiographic/Digital Radiography Technology along with Biological Agents in Human Identification

“…Comparison methods for lip prints (e.g., picture/lens magnification) have been facilitated using a computer [ 129 ]. For utilizing digital methods, clear lip print photographs in a standardized position are required ( Figure 6(a) ) [ 138 ]. Different substances including aluminum powder, silver metallic powder, silver nitrate powder, plumb carbonate powder, fat black aniline dyer, cobalt oxide, lysochrome dye, or fluorescent dyes can be used for visualization of the latent lip prints [ 139 ].…”

“… Photography technique of taking lip print (a) (reprinted with permission, Hindawi ) [ 138 ]. (a) Application of persistent lipstick with the applicator brush, (b) lifting the latent lip print with cellophane sheet, (c) application of lysochrome dye powder with a round brush, and (d) final lip print after digitization and division into quadrants (b) (reprinted with permission, Wolters Kluwer-Medknow ) [ 145 ].…”