Preliminary Study of High Power Hydrogen Electric Propulsion for the Space Exploration

Abstract

High power electric propulsion system is strongly required for future orbital space transportation. MPD (Magneto-Plasma-Dynamic) thrusters and DC (Direct Current) arcjets with hydrogen as a propellant are promising candidates for the missions because of their high performance and adaptability to high power operation. However, to use hydrogen for long term orbital missions, its storage in orbit is crucial issue to be considered. Firstly, we proposed a hydrogen storage and feed system for electric thrusters by applying our technologies derived from the liquid hydrogen launch vehicles. Secondly, we present R&D activities of hydrogen MPD thruster and DC arcjet, especially focusing on the improvement of their performance and durability. Then, development strategy of hydrogen electric thrusters is also discussed. Finally, advantages of hydrogen electric thruster were shown compared with conventional xenon thrusters through mission analyses of lunar orbit insertion and GTO-GEO transportation.

Thermal Design and Experimental Verification of the 3D-printed Registojet

“…The hydrogen-propelled electrothermal propulsion system has not been realized as a flight model because compact, long-term storage of hydrogen is impossible. Recent progress on thermal insulation technology allows for the consideration of a practical use of liquid hydrogen as a propellant for orbit-raising missions [3][4]. Of course, the term will be limited to a month.…”

Comparison of vapor cooling characteristics of a triply periodic minimal surface and other channel geometries

“…These propellants afford an additional advantage: in-situ resource utilization capability on the surfaces of the Moon and Mars (Sanders and Kleinhenz, 2021;Linnea et al, 2017;Kinefuchi et al, 2022). Cryogenic propellants will be used in not only conventional chemical propulsion systems but also advanced electric propulsion systems (Schuster et al, 1993;Kinefuchi et al, 2014). The adaptable operation and high performance of cryogenic launch vehicles require the efficient use of propellants.…”