Preliminary Study of Rapeseed Flour-based Wood Adhesives for Making Wood Flooring

Abstract

Adhesives derived from renewable resources allow wood panel producers to make lower cost alternatives to formaldehyde-based adhesive resins. Among them, adhesive components extracted from industrial by-products or wastes are the most important research fields in the efficient utilization of waste and cost reduction. In our study, the rapeseed flour, which is a by product from the production of biodiesel extracted from rapeseed, was introduced to develop alternative adhesives for the production of wood flooring. The rapeseed flour was hydrolyzed with 1% sodium hydroxide solution and PF prepolymers were prepared with 3-molar ratios, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.4. The linear fracture mechanics was introduced to evaluate the glue bond quality in wood flooring composed of fancy-veneered and plywood, and the formaldehyde emission and adhesive penetration were also investigated. The formaldehyde emissions of wood flooring met the requirement of the standard of SE0 specified in the KS standard. The rapeseed flour adhesive penetrated sufficiently into the vessel elements and lumens in fancy veneer and plywood and gave strong bond quality to the wood flooring. The fracture mechanics was introduced to evaluate the adhesive joint between fancy veneer and plywood. The critical stress intensity factor (KIC) of boliva overlayed wood flooring was increased with increasing molar ratio and this was the same tendency in oak overlayed wood flooring. From the results, the formulated adhesives were efficiently used to bond fancy veneer onto the plywood to make wood flooring and showed a potential to be used as a component of environmentally friendly adhesive resin systems for production of flooring.

Canola Protein: A Promising Protein Source for Delivery, Adhesive, and Material Applications

“…RF was first hydrolyzed with NaOH, mixed with PF resin at molar ratios of 1.8, 2.1, and 2.4 (RF/PF), applied to plywood veneer at a loading level of 300 g/m 2 , and cured at 140 °C and 10 kg/cm 2 for 5 min. The resulting plywood showed acceptable average density, moisture content, formaldehyde emission, and critical stress as specified in Korean Standards at higher RF/PF ratios (Yang et al, ). Further research on blending with different synthetic resins and different concentrations would be helpful in formulating effective blended adhesives from CP.…”

“…Several research groups have explored the potential of protein modifications in order to improve the adhesive performance of CP‐based adhesives. Among them, denaturation (Li, Qi, Sun, et al, ; Li, Qi, Sun, & Wang, ), chemical modification (Bandara & Wu, ; Hale, ; Li, Qi, Sun, et al, ; Wang et al, ), cross‐linking (Hale, ; Wang et al, ), blending with synthetic resins (Yang, Ahn, Choi, & Han, ), and exfoliating nanomaterials (Bandara et al, ; Bandara et al, ; Bandara & Wu, ) have shown success for CP to different degrees in improving their adhesion properties.…”

“…The literature on the formulation of CP adhesive with synthetic resins is limited. Yang et al (Yang et al, ) blended rapeseed flour (RF) with PF resin to develop plywood for wood flooring applications. RF was first hydrolyzed with NaOH, mixed with PF resin at molar ratios of 1.8, 2.1, and 2.4 (RF/PF), applied to plywood veneer at a loading level of 300 g/m 2 , and cured at 140 °C and 10 kg/cm 2 for 5 min.…”