Preliminary toxicological assessment of heated tobacco products: A review of the literature and proposed strategy

Dempsey, Ruth; Rodrigo, Grégory; Vonmoos, Florence; Gunduz, Irfan; Belushkin, Maxim; Esposito, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.01.008

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Building on these findings, further experiments may be designed to characterize formation mechanisms and the influence of operating temperature and other product design features on compound yields. Finally, it is important to note that the comprehensive characterization of aerosol chemistry constitutes just the first step of the toxicological risk assessment of HTPs, which must be followed by an evaluation of the toxicological hazards arising from the identified aerosol constituents and complemented by the toxicological evaluation of single ingredients and in vitro bioassay results of the HTP aerosol [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-targeted analytical comparison of a heated tobacco product aerosol against mainstream cigarette smoke: does heating tobacco produce an inherently different set of aerosol constituents?

Lang,

Henao,

Almstetter

et al. 2024

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Smoking-related diseases remain a significant public health concern, and heated tobacco products (HTPs) have emerged as a potential alternative to cigarettes. While several studies have confirmed that HTP aerosols contain lower levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) than cigarette smoke, less is known about constituents that are intrinsically higher in HTP aerosols. This study provides a comprehensive comparative assessment of an HTP aerosol produced with Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS) and comparator cigarette (CC) smoke aiming at identifying all unique or increased compounds in THS aerosol by applying a broad set of LC–MS and GC × GC–MS methods. To focus on differences due to heating versus burning tobacco, confounding factors were minimized by using the same tobacco in both test items and not adding flavorants. Of all analytical features, only 3.5%—corresponding to 31 distinctive compounds—were significantly more abundant in THS aerosol than in CC smoke. A notable subset of these compounds was identified as reaction products of glycerol. The only compound unique to THS aerosol was traced back to its presence in a non-tobacco material in the test item and not a direct product of heating tobacco. Our results demonstrate that heating a glycerol-containing tobacco substrate to the temperatures applied in THS does not introduce new compounds in the resulting aerosol compared to CC smoke which are detectable with the method portfolio applied in this study. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the chemical composition of HTP aerosols and their potential impact on human health. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-targeted analytical comparison of a heated tobacco product aerosol against mainstream cigarette smoke: does heating tobacco produce an inherently different set of aerosol constituents?

Lang,

Henao,

Almstetter

et al. 2024

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…Most of the scientific evidence on the health effects of HTP use is based on laboratory evaluation of aerosol generated by HTP use as well as experimental studies on animal and cellular models, with limited data from human-based studies 3 , 9 . Both industry-funded studies and independent research confirmed that the concentration of chemical compounds in aerosol generated during HTP use is lower than during smoking combustible cigarettes 3 , 9 , 12 , 13 . In general, toxic compounds related to combustion process were significantly reduced, but heated tobacco products are not risk-free 3 , 9 , 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Comparative evaluation of ten blood biomarkers of inflammation in regular heated tobacco users and non-smoking healthy males–a pilot study

Świątkowska,

Jankowski,

Kaleta

2024

Sci Rep

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Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are novel tobacco products that are alternatives to cigarettes. The study aimed to investigate the effect of HTPs on blood biomarkers of inflammation as well as to provide a comparative evaluation between daily heated tobacco users and healthy men who do not use nicotine products. This case–control study was carried out among 92 healthy males in Poland (Lodz-Province) aged 20–56 years: 44 daily heated tobacco users (daily use in the past 90 days) and 48 controls who do not use nicotine products. The history of use of the nicotine-containing products was self-reported and verified using a saliva cotinine test. A 20 ml blood sample was collected and the levels of ten blood biomarkers were analyzed. Among all heated tobacco users (n = 44), only the levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) were significantly higher when compared to controls: 6.86 vs. 3.95 (p = 0.01). Among exclusive heated tobacco users (n = 33), the levels of IL-8 were also significantly higher when compared to controls: 7.76 vs. 3.95 (p = 0.01). IL-8 level was positively correlated (r = 0.37; p = 0.01) with the daily number of heated tobacco sticks. Out of 10 different biomarkers of inflammation, only IL-8 levels were significantly elevated in heated tobacco use compared to controls.

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“…Performing in vitro studies to assess cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity provides information on key toxicological endpoints relevant to noncancer and cancer adverse effects associated with tobacco product use, and therefore, these studies are informative of the potential toxicity of new ENDS products. Concluding the evaluation, a qualitative risk assessment is performed on the chemical and toxicological studies with the focus of these assessments to establish that, compared to CCs or appropriate comparator products, these products have no new or increased hazards [ 87 ].…”

Section: A Proposed Framework: Chemical and Toxicological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Practical Framework for Novel Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Evaluation: Chemical and Toxicological Characterization of JUUL2 Aerosol and Comparison with Reference Cigarettes

Cook,

Lalonde,

Oldham

et al. 2024

Toxics

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Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs) are designed as a non-combustible alternative to cigarettes, aiming to deliver nicotine without the harmful byproducts of tobacco combustion. As the category evolves and new ENDS products emerge, it is important to continually assess the levels of toxicologically relevant chemicals in the aerosols and characterize any related toxicology. Herein, we present a proposed framework for characterizing novel ENDS products (i.e., devices and formulations) and determining the reduced risk potential utilizing analytical chemistry and in vitro toxicological studies with a qualitative risk assessment. To demonstrate this proposed framework, long-term stability studies (12 months) analyzing relevant toxicant emissions from six formulations of a next-generation product, JUUL2, were conducted and compared to reference combustible cigarette (CC) smoke under both non-intense and intense puffing regimes. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity assays were conducted on aerosol and smoke condensates. In all samples, relevant toxicants under both non-intense and intense puffing regimes were substantially lower than those observed in reference CC smoke. Furthermore, neither cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, nor genotoxicity was observed in aerosol condensates generated under both intense and non-intense puffing regimes, in contrast to results observed for reference cigarettes. Following the proposed framework, the results demonstrate that the ENDS products studied in this work generate significantly lower levels of toxicants relative to reference cigarettes and were not cytotoxic, mutagenic, or genotoxic under these in vitro assay conditions.

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Preliminary toxicological assessment of heated tobacco products: A review of the literature and proposed strategy

Cited by 16 publications

References 60 publications

Non-targeted analytical comparison of a heated tobacco product aerosol against mainstream cigarette smoke: does heating tobacco produce an inherently different set of aerosol constituents?

Non-targeted analytical comparison of a heated tobacco product aerosol against mainstream cigarette smoke: does heating tobacco produce an inherently different set of aerosol constituents?

Comparative evaluation of ten blood biomarkers of inflammation in regular heated tobacco users and non-smoking healthy males–a pilot study

A Practical Framework for Novel Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Evaluation: Chemical and Toxicological Characterization of JUUL2 Aerosol and Comparison with Reference Cigarettes

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