Preliminary Validation of Direct Detection of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus within Clinical Samples Using Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Coupled with a Simple Lateral Flow Device for Detection

Waters, Ryan; Fowler, Veronica L.; Armson, Bryony; Nelson, Noel; Gloster, J.; Paton, David; King, Donald P.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105630

Cited by 63 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Furthermore, it has been successfully used in a portable platform to allow rapid diagnosis in the field (Abd El Wahed et al., ). In addition, encouraging results have been obtained from preliminary studies of an RT‐LAMP assay coupled with a lateral flow device for use as a rapid, low‐cost means for early field detection of FMDV, including from air samples (Waters et al., ). The development of RT‐LAMP represents an important breakthrough that will enable increased usage and access to molecular diagnostics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Update and Gap Analysis: 4 - Diagnostics

Knight-Jones

Robinson

Charleston

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

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SummaryThis study assessed knowledge gaps in foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) research in the field of diagnostics. The study took the form of a literature review combined with research updates collected in 2014 from 33 institutes from around the world. Findings were used to identify priority areas for future FMD research.Molecular and genetic technologies, including sequencing, are developing at an increasing rate both in terms of capability and affordability. These advances potentiate progress in many other fields of research, from vaccine development to epidemiology. The development of RT-LAMP represents an important breakthrough allowing greater use and access to molecular diagnostics. It is now possible to determine virus serotype using PCR, although only for certain virus pools, continued progress is needed to cover the global spectrum of FMD viruses. Progress has also been made in the development of pen-side rapid diagnostics, some with the ability to determine serotype. However, further advances in pen-side serotype or strain determination would benefit both FMD-free countries and endemic countries with limited access to wellresourced laboratories.Novel sampling methods that show promise include air sampling and baited ropes, the latter may aid sampling in wildlife and swine. Studies of infrared thermography for the early detection of FMD have not been encouraging, although investigations are ongoing. Multiplex tests have been developed that are able to simultaneously screen for multiple pathogens with similar clinical signs. Crucial for assessing FMDV freedom, tests exist to detect animals that have been infected with FMDV regardless of vaccination status; however, limitations exist, particularly when testing previously vaccinated animals. Novel vaccines are being developed with complementary DIVA tests for this purpose. Research is also needed to improve the current imprecise approaches to FMD vaccine matching.The development of simple, affordable tests increases access to FMD diagnostics, greatly benefiting regions with limited laboratory capacity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in individually housed cattle, virus was generally detectable in serum/oral fluid before it could be found in air samples (Pacheco et al., ). Air sampling was also successfully performed at Pirbright with comparable results (tested using RT‐qPCR and RT‐LAMP) (Waters et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Update and Gap Analysis: 4 - Diagnostics

Knight-Jones

Robinson

Charleston

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…The development of reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) has been a big breakthrough for the molecular detection of FMD. RT-LAMP distinguishes FMDV serotypes (19,20) and offers a rapid means of early field detection of FMD at the penside (21). However, this method also has a high false-positive rate, which is a serious limitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for the Detection of Antibodies against the 2C and 3ABC Nonstructural Proteins Induced by Infecting Pigs with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Liu

Shao

Zhao

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The potential diagnostic value of chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs) has been accepted in recent years, although their use for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) diagnostics has not been reported. Full-length 3ABC and 2C proteins were expressed in bacteria and purified by affinity chromatography to develop a rapid and accurate approach to distinguish pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) from vaccinated pigs. The recombinant proteins were then used as antigens to develop two CLIAs for the detection of antibodies against nonstructural viral proteins. The diagnostic performance of the two assays was compared by analyzing serum from pigs (naive pigs, n ϭ 63; vaccinated, uninfected pigs, n ϭ 532; naive, infected pigs, n ϭ 117) with a known infection status. The 3ABC-2C CLIA had a higher accuracy rate, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and a diagnostic specificity of 96.5%, than the 3ABC CLIA, which had a diagnostic sensitivity of 95.7% and a diagnostic specificity of 96.0%. The results of the 3ABC-2C CLIA also had a high rate of concordance with those of two commercial FMDV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits used to assess serum collected from 962 pigs in the field (96.2% and 97.8%, respectively). The 3ABC-2C CLIA detected infection in serum samples from infected pigs earlier than the commercial ELISA kits. In addition, the 3ABC-2C CLIA produced results within 15 min. On the basis of these findings, the 3ABC-2C CLIA could serve as the foundation for the development of penside FMD diagnostics and offers an alternative method to detect FMDV infections.

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“…To facilitate the use of this assay in the field, future work should consider the removal of nucleic acid extraction steps, as described by Waters et al. () and Howson et al. (); the lyophilization of the assay reagents, as shown by Howson et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Rapid Detection of African Horse Sickness Virus

Fowler

Howson

Flannery

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

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SummaryAfrican horse sickness (AHS) is a disease of equids caused by African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) and is transmitted by Culicoides midges. AHS is endemic in sub‐Saharan Africa, but during the past century, outbreaks of significant economic importance and elevated mortality have been recorded in Northern African countries, the Iberian and Arabian Peninsula, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. Effective control combines the application of early warning systems, accurate laboratory diagnosis and reporting, animal movement restrictions, suitable vaccination and surveillance programs, and the coordination of all these measures by efficient veterinary services. Conventional reverse‐transcriptase (RT) PCR (RT‐PCR) and real‐time RT‐PCR (rRT‐PCR) assays have improved the sensitivity and rapidity of diagnosing AHS, resulting in the adoption of these methods as recommended tests by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). However, currently these assays are only performed within laboratory settings; therefore, the development of field diagnostics for AHS would improve the fast implementation of control policies.Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an isothermal, autocycling, strand‐displacement nucleic acid amplification technique which can be performed in the field. LAMP assays are attractive molecular assays because they are simple to use, rapid, portable and have sensitivity and specificity within the range of rRT‐PCR. This study describes the development of a novel RT‐LAMP assay for the detection of AHSV. The AHSV RT‐LAMP assay has an analytical sensitivity of 96.1% when considering an rRT‐PCR cut‐off value of C T > 36, or 91.3% when no rRT‐PCR cut‐off is applied. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100%. This assay provides for a rapid and low cost AHS diagnostic for use in the field.

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Preliminary Validation of Direct Detection of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus within Clinical Samples Using Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Coupled with a Simple Lateral Flow Device for Detection

Cited by 63 publications

References 33 publications

Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Update and Gap Analysis: 4 - Diagnostics

Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Update and Gap Analysis: 4 - Diagnostics

Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for the Detection of Antibodies against the 2C and 3ABC Nonstructural Proteins Induced by Infecting Pigs with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Rapid Detection of African Horse Sickness Virus

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