Preloading and the regulation of food intake in man.

Walike, Barbara C.; Jordan, Henry A.; Stellar, Eliot

doi:10.1037/h0027518

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The heuristic value of this notion as a predictor for, and explanation of, eating and regulatory behavior is thus questionable, although its descriptive value may be great. Moreover in human eating behavior, where habits and preference play so great a role (Le Magnen, 1971;Young, 1967), the long-term regulation influenced by set point may be overridden by environmental influences (Jordan, Stellar, & Duggan, 1968;Spiegel, 1973;Walike, Jordan, & Stellar, 1969;O. Wooley, Wooley, & Dunham, 1972;S.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of obesity and set point on taste responsiveness and ingestion in humans.

Rodin¹

1975

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two experiments investigated the relationships among degree of obesity, nearness to set point for adipose tissue mass, and responsiveness to taste. In Experiment 1, subjects rated milkshakes varying in sweetness intensity. Overweight and normal weight subjects did not have significantly different detection thresholds or preference ratings. However, overweight subjects worked longer than normals to obtain their most preferred substance. Experiment 2 varied the ease of tasting the milkshake. Preference and food intake of moderately overweight subjects were significantly more influenced by tastes that they found positive and negative than was the preference of normal weight or obese subjects. The ease of ingesting the taste substance also significantly influenced preference and food intake of the moderately obese only. Nearness to set point, operationally denned as weight stability for 2 years, had no significant effects.The association between taste responsiveness and overweight has been widely demonstrated in both animals and humans. Animals with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions typically show greater responsiveness to the sensory qualities of their food than normal weight animals without lesions (Corbit & Stellar, 1964;Teitelbaum, 1955), although finickiness and obesity can occur independently (Graff & Stellar, 1962). The eating behavior of many varieties of genetically obese mice also appears highly influenced by taste (Bray & York, 1971;Fuller & Jacoby, 1955;Rytand, 1943). Similarly, overweight humans are highly responsive to the sensory qualities of food (Hashim & Van Itallie, 1965;Nisbett, 1968Nisbett, , 1972.Although these studies demonstrate a correlation between obesity and taste responsiveness, they do not consider to which component of taste the obese are differentially reactive and precisely how this influences food intake. Experiments designed to test the first aspect of this question for humans (Grinker, in press;Grinker, Hirsch, & Smith, 1972) examined judgments

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of obesity and set point on taste responsiveness and ingestion in humans.

Rodin¹

1975

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Generally, this takes the form of presenting study subjects with a preload beverage, meal or snack of varying energy, volume, energy density or nutrient composition (Walike et al, 1969;Drewnowski, 1998b). Typically, preload volume is adjusted by the addition of water preload and energy is adjusted by the addition of non-caloric components (intense sweeteners or fat replacements), whereas preload nutrient composition is determined by the proportions of fat, carbohydrate, protein or fiber (Drewnowski, 1998b).…”

Section: Experimental Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intense sweeteners, energy intake and the control of body weight

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Replacing sugar with low-calorie sweeteners is a common strategy for facilitating weight control. By providing sweet taste without calories, intense sweeteners help lower energy density of beverages and some foods. Reduced dietary energy density should result in lower energy intakes -but are the energy reduction goals, in fact, achieved? The uncoupling of sweetness and energy, afforded by intense sweeteners, has been the focus of numerous studies over the past two decades. There are recurring arguments that intense sweeteners increase appetite for sweet foods, promote overeating, and may even lead to weight gain. Does reducing energy density of sweet beverages and foods have a measurable impact on appetite and energy intakes, as examined both in short-term studies and over a longer period? Can reductions in dietary energy density achieved with intense sweeteners really affect body weight control? This paper reviews evidence from laboratory, clinical and epidemiological studies in the context of current research on energy density, satiety and the control of food intake.

show abstract

“…In nonmeal settings Jordan et al (3), Stellar (4), Walike, Jordan, and Stellar (5), and Allison and Castellan (6) measured the length of eating episodes and pauses between episodes in addition to the rate of eating. Le Magnen (7) recorded the number of mouthfuls and the time needed to eat each mouthful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Eating Responses of Obese and Nonobese Humans during Dinner Meals

Hill

McCutcheon

1975

Psychosomatic Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Observations of eating responses of obese and nonobese subjects were made in meal settings. Seven obese and seven nonobese male undergraduates were videotaped as they ate four dinner meals, two low and two high in preference, under low and high hunger conditions. As hunger and preferences increased, the amount of food eaten, the meal length, and the number of bites significantly increased. Time per bite decreased as hunger and preference increased. Obese subjects ate more grams per second than the nonobese subjects. Obese subjects also ate more high preference food and less low preference food than nonobese subjects. These findings are discussed in terms of Schachter's theory of differential stimulus orientation of obese and nonobese people and in terms of the set-point theories of Nisbett and Sclafani and Kluge.

show abstract

Preloading and the regulation of food intake in man.

Cited by 38 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of obesity and set point on taste responsiveness and ingestion in humans.

Effects of obesity and set point on taste responsiveness and ingestion in humans.

Intense sweeteners, energy intake and the control of body weight

Eating Responses of Obese and Nonobese Humans during Dinner Meals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About