Premières datations directes de défrichements protohistoriques sur les chaumes secondaires des Vosges (Rossberg, Haut-Rhin). Approche pédoanthracologique

Abstract

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Biological Flora of the British Isles: Juniperus communis L.

“…Juniper has undoubtedly increased and declined many times in local areas due to changes in climate, competition and human activities, including the clearing and abandonment of land (e.g. Schwartz et al . 2005), and changes in grazing.…”

“…Juniper has undoubtedly increased and declined many times in local areas due to changes in climate, competition and human activities, including the clearing and abandonment of land (e.g. Schwartz et al 2005), and changes in grazing. For example, in the Aran Islands of Western Ireland, juniper was prominent in the early Holocene but declined thereafter, presumably due to increased competition (Molloy & O'Connell 2004).…”

Sampling soil wood charcoals at a high spatial resolution: a new methodology to investigate the origin of grassland plant communities

“…Our results, for one chalk grassland and at a high spatial resolution, confirm those of colleagues who have already dated forest clearings with similar herbaceous plant communities, such as upland grasslands of the Vosges Mountains (eastern France). The occurence and datation of Juniperus communis charcoals (an earlier successional species that colonises dry grasslands) indicates that upland grasslands existed at least since the Late Iron Age (Schwartz et al 2005; Goepp 2007). In the Jurassic Mountains of the Franconian Alb (Bavaria, southern Germany), charcoals extracted and dated from the Bronze and Iron Ages in a prehistoric settlement have revealed the presence of species such as Pinus sylvestris , which is also an early‐successional species that colonises dry calcareous grasslands (Baumann 2006; Poschlod et al 2008).…”

“…For example, concerning the origin of dry grassland plant communities, past research has used soil wood charcoals but the methodology was based on multi‐site investigations at a regional scale and on identification and datation of charcoals originating from earlier woody species that generally colonise dry grasslands, e.g. Juniperus communis (Schwartz et al 2005), without consideration of the minimal area required to confirm the existence of a dry grassland plant community at a local scale. Some of these authors have pointed out the need for more local information that addresses the existence of herbaceous plant communities in a landscape matrix dominated by forest communities (Baumann 2006; Goepp 2007).…”

Paleosol charcoal: Reconstructing vegetation history in relation to agro-pastoral activities since the Neolithic. A case study in the Eastern French Pyrenees

“…The two most recent dates (Table 1) correspond to charcoal originating from the surface horizon (Cerd3bis: Poz-17560: Antiquity and Cerd13-Poz-17564: late Middle Ages). Even though charcoal movements disturb the stratigraphy within each soil (Carcaillet and Thinon, 1996;Carcaillet, 2001a;Carnelli et al, 2004;Schwartz et al, 2005;Bal et al, 2008), it is possible to consider that the assembling charcoal follow a stratigraphy linked to the superposition of the paleosol and of the differentiated soil. In addition, the results from radiocarbon dating are remarkably consistent, since nine out of twelve datings give the same period of Chalcolithic -Bronze Age.…”